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minor #21740 [Form] Merge some small articles into the main form article (javiereguiluz)

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This PR was merged into the 6.4 branch.

Discussion
----------

[Form] Merge some small articles into the main form article

I'm going to revamp the docs about Symfony Forms. I'll do that in several small PRs. This is the first one, which does a basic cleanup by merging tiny separate articles into the main forms article.

Commits
-------

d8cda71d7 [Form] Merge some small articles into the main form article
This commit is contained in:
Javier Eguiluz
2026-01-22 08:07:59 +01:00
parent d64c3e62d4 d8cda71d78
commit b2e6122f95
7 changed files with 413 additions and 379 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

5
_build/redirection_map
View File

@@ -573,3 +573,8 @@
/form/button_based_validation /form/validation_groups
/form/data_based_validation /form/validation_groups
/form/validation_group_service_resolver /form/validation_groups
/form/direct_submit /form#processing-forms-submit-method
/form/multiple_buttons /form#processing-forms-multiple-buttons
/form/disabling_validation /form#form-disabling-validation
/form/form_dependencies /form#form-injecting-services
/form/without_class /form#forms-without-class

76
form/direct_submit.rst
View File

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
How to Use the submit() Function to Handle Form Submissions
===========================================================
The recommended way of :ref:`processing Symfony forms <processing-forms>` is to
use the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::handleRequest` method
to detect when the form has been submitted. However, you can also use the
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit` method to have better
control over when exactly your form is submitted and what data is passed to it::
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
// ...
public function new(Request $request): Response
{
$task = new Task();
$form = $this->createForm(TaskType::class, $task);
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
$form->submit($request->getPayload()->get($form->getName()));
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// perform some action...
return $this->redirectToRoute('task_success');
}
}
return $this->render('task/new.html.twig', [
'form' => $form,
]);
}
The list of fields submitted with the ``submit()`` method must be the same as
the fields defined by the form class. Otherwise, you'll see a form validation error::
public function new(Request $request): Response
{
// ...
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
// '$json' represents payload data sent by React/Angular/Vue
// the merge of parameters is needed to submit all form fields
$form->submit(array_merge($json, $request->getPayload()->all()));
// ...
}
// ...
}
.. tip::
Forms consisting of nested fields expect an array in
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit`. You can also submit
individual fields by calling :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit`
directly on the field::
$form->get('firstName')->submit('Fabien');
.. tip::
When submitting a form via a "PATCH" request, you may want to update only a few
submitted fields. To achieve this, you may pass an optional second boolean
argument to ``submit()``. Passing ``false`` will remove any missing fields
within the form object. Otherwise, the missing fields will be set to ``null``.
.. warning::
When the second parameter ``$clearMissing`` is ``false``, like with the
"PATCH" method, the validation will only apply to the submitted fields. If
you need to validate all the underlying data, add the required fields
manually so that they are validated::
// 'email' and 'username' are added manually to force their validation
$form->submit(array_merge(['email' => null, 'username' => null], $request->getPayload()->all()), false);

23
form/disabling_validation.rst
View File

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
How to Disable the Validation of Submitted Data
===============================================
Sometimes it is useful to suppress the validation of a form altogether. For
these cases you can set the ``validation_groups`` option to ``false``::
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver): void
{
$resolver->setDefaults([
'validation_groups' => false,
]);
}
Note that when you do that, the form will still run basic integrity checks,
for example whether an uploaded file was too large or whether non-existing
fields were submitted.
The submission of extra form fields can be controlled with the
:ref:`allow_extra_fields config option <form-option-allow-extra-fields>` and
the maximum upload file size should be handled via your PHP and web server
configuration.

12
form/form_dependencies.rst
View File

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
How to Access Services or Config from Inside a Form
===================================================
The content of this article is no longer relevant because in current Symfony
versions, form classes are services by default and you can inject services in
them using the :doc:`service autowiring </service_container/autowiring>` feature.
Read the article about :doc:`creating custom form types </form/create_custom_field_type>`
to see an example of how to inject the database service into a form type. In the
same article you can also read about
:ref:`configuration options for form types <form-type-config-options>`, which is
another way of passing services to forms.

40
form/multiple_buttons.rst
View File

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
How to Submit a Form with Multiple Buttons
==========================================
When your form contains more than one submit button, you will want to check
which of the buttons was clicked to adapt the program flow in your controller.
To do this, add a second button with the caption "Save and Add" to your form::
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($task)
->add('task', TextType::class)
->add('dueDate', DateType::class)
->add('save', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Create Task'])
->add('saveAndAdd', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Save and Add'])
->getForm();
In your controller, use the button's
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\ClickableInterface::isClicked` method for
querying if the "Save and Add" button was clicked::
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// ... perform some action, such as saving the task to the database
$nextAction = $form->get('saveAndAdd')->isClicked()
? 'task_new'
: 'task_success';
return $this->redirectToRoute($nextAction);
}
Or you can get the button's name by using the
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Form::getClickedButton` method of the form::
if ($form->getClickedButton() && 'saveAndAdd' === $form->getClickedButton()->getName()) {
// ...
}
// when using nested forms, two or more buttons can have the same name;
// in those cases, compare the button objects instead of the button names
if ($form->getClickedButton() === $form->get('saveAndAdd')){
// ...
}

219
form/without_class.rst
View File

@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
How to Use a Form without a Data Class
======================================
In most cases, a form is tied to an object, and the fields of the form get
and store their data on the properties of that object. This is what
:doc:`the main article on forms </forms>` is about.
But sometimes, you may want to use a form without a class, and get back an
array of the submitted data. The ``getData()`` method allows you to do
exactly that::
// src/Controller/ContactController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
// ...
class ContactController extends AbstractController
{
public function contact(Request $request): Response
{
$defaultData = ['message' => 'Type your message here'];
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($defaultData)
->add('name', TextType::class)
->add('email', EmailType::class)
->add('message', TextareaType::class)
->add('send', SubmitType::class)
->getForm();
$form->handleRequest($request);
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// data is an array with "name", "email", and "message" keys
$data = $form->getData();
}
// ... render the form
}
}
By default, a form actually assumes that you want to work with arrays of
data, instead of an object. There are exactly two ways that you can change
this behavior and tie the form to an object instead:
#. Pass an object when creating the form (as the first argument to ``createFormBuilder()``
or the second argument to ``createForm()``);
#. Declare the ``data_class`` option on your form.
If you *don't* do either of these, then the form will return the data as
an array. In this example, since ``$defaultData`` is not an object (and
no ``data_class`` option is set), ``$form->getData()`` ultimately returns
an array.
.. tip::
You can also access POST values (in this case "name") directly through
the request object, like so::
$request->getPayload()->get('name');
Be advised, however, that in most cases using the ``getData()`` method is
a better choice, since it returns the data (usually an object) after
it's been transformed by the Form component.
Adding Validation
-----------------
The only missing piece is validation. Usually, when you call ``$form->handleRequest($request)``,
the object is validated by reading the constraints that you applied to that
class. If your form is mapped to an object (i.e. you're using the ``data_class``
option or passing an object to your form), this is almost always the approach
you want to use. See :doc:`/validation` for more details.
.. _form-option-constraints:
But if the form is not mapped to an object and you instead want to retrieve an
array of your submitted data, how can you add constraints to the data of
your form?
Constraints At Field Level
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
One possibility is to set up the constraints yourself, and attach them to the individual
fields. The overall approach is covered a bit more in :doc:`this validation article </validation/raw_values>`,
but here's a short example::
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\TextType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Length;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank;
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
$builder
->add('firstName', TextType::class, [
'constraints' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
])
->add('lastName', TextType::class, [
'constraints' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
])
;
}
.. tip::
If you are using validation groups, you need to either reference the
``Default`` group when creating the form, or set the correct group on
the constraint you are adding::
new NotBlank(['groups' => ['create', 'update']]);
.. tip::
If the form is not mapped to an object, every object in your array of
submitted data is validated using the ``Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Valid``
constraint, unless you :doc:`disable validation </form/disabling_validation>`.
.. warning::
When a form is only partially submitted (for example, in an HTTP PATCH
request), only the constraints from the submitted form fields will be
evaluated.
Constraints At Class Level
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Another possibility is to add the constraints at the class level.
This can be done by setting the ``constraints`` option in the
``configureOptions()`` method::
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\TextType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Collection;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Length;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank;
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
$builder
->add('firstName', TextType::class)
->add('lastName', TextType::class);
}
public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver): void
{
$resolver->setDefaults([
'data_class' => null,
'constraints' => new Collection([
'firstName' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
'lastName' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
]),
]);
}
This means you can also do this when using the ``createFormBuilder()`` method
in your controller::
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($defaultData, [
'constraints' => [
'firstName' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
'lastName' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
],
])
->add('firstName', TextType::class)
->add('lastName', TextType::class)
->getForm();
Conditional Constraints
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It's possible to define field constraints that depend on the value of other
fields (e.g. a field must not be blank when another field has a certain value).
To achieve this, use the ``expression`` option of the
:doc:`When constraint </reference/constraints/When>` to reference the other field::
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
$builder
->add('how_did_you_hear', ChoiceType::class, [
'required' => true,
'label' => 'How did you hear about us?',
'choices' => [
'Search engine' => 'search_engine',
'Friends' => 'friends',
'Other' => 'other',
],
'expanded' => true,
'constraints' => [
new Assert\NotBlank(),
]
])
// this field is only required if the value of the 'how_did_you_hear' field is 'other'
->add('other_text', TextType::class, [
'required' => false,
'label' => 'Please specify',
'constraints' => [
new Assert\When(
expression: 'this.getParent().get("how_did_you_hear").getData() == "other"',
constraints: [
new Assert\NotBlank(),
],
)
],
])
;

417
forms.rst
View File

@@ -264,6 +264,38 @@ the ``data_class`` option by adding the following to your form type class::
}
}
.. _form-injecting-services:
Injecting Services in Form Classes
..................................
Form classes are regular services, which means you can inject other services
using :doc:`autowiring </service_container/autowiring>`::
// src/Form/Type/TaskType.php
namespace App\Form\Type;
use App\Repository\CategoryRepository;
use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
// ...
class TaskType extends AbstractType
{
public function __construct(
private CategoryRepository $categoryRepository,
) {
}
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
// use $this->categoryRepository to access the repository
}
}
If you're using the :ref:`default services.yaml configuration <service-container-services-load-example>`,
this works automatically. See :doc:`/form/create_custom_field_type` for more
information about injecting services in custom form types.
.. _rendering-forms:
Rendering Forms
@@ -460,11 +492,126 @@ possible paths:
that prevents the user from being able to hit the "Refresh" button of
their browser and re-post the data.
.. seealso::
.. _processing-forms-submit-method:
If you need more control over exactly when your form is submitted or which
data is passed to it, you can
:doc:`use the submit() method to handle form submissions </form/direct_submit>`.
Using the submit() Method
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::handleRequest` method is
the recommended way to process forms. However, you can also use the
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit` method for finer
control over when exactly your form is submitted and what data is passed to it::
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
// ...
public function new(Request $request): Response
{
$task = new Task();
$form = $this->createForm(TaskType::class, $task);
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
$form->submit($request->getPayload()->get($form->getName()));
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// perform some action...
return $this->redirectToRoute('task_success');
}
}
return $this->render('task/new.html.twig', [
'form' => $form,
]);
}
The list of fields submitted with the ``submit()`` method must be the same as
the fields defined by the form class. Otherwise, you'll see a form validation error::
public function new(Request $request): Response
{
// ...
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
// '$json' represents payload data sent by React/Angular/Vue
// the merge of parameters is needed to submit all form fields
$form->submit(array_merge($json, $request->getPayload()->all()));
// ...
}
// ...
}
.. tip::
Forms consisting of nested fields expect an array in
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit`. You can also submit
individual fields by calling :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormInterface::submit`
directly on the field::
$form->get('firstName')->submit('Fabien');
.. tip::
When submitting a form via a "PATCH" request, you may want to update only a few
submitted fields. To achieve this, you may pass an optional second boolean
argument to ``submit()``. Passing ``false`` will remove any missing fields
within the form object. Otherwise, the missing fields will be set to ``null``.
.. warning::
When the second parameter ``$clearMissing`` is ``false``, like with the
"PATCH" method, the validation will only apply to the submitted fields. If
you need to validate all the underlying data, add the required fields
manually so that they are validated::
// 'email' and 'username' are added manually to force their validation
$form->submit(array_merge(['email' => null, 'username' => null], $request->getPayload()->all()), false);
.. _processing-forms-multiple-buttons:
Handling Multiple Submit Buttons
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When your form contains more than one submit button, you'll want to check
which of the buttons was clicked to adapt the program flow in your controller.
For example, if you add a second button with the caption "Save and Add" to your form::
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($task)
->add('task', TextType::class)
->add('dueDate', DateType::class)
->add('save', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Create Task'])
->add('saveAndAdd', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Save and Add'])
->getForm();
In your controller, use the button's
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\ClickableInterface::isClicked` method for
querying if the "Save and Add" button was clicked::
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// ... perform some action, such as saving the task to the database
$nextAction = $form->get('saveAndAdd')->isClicked()
? 'task_new'
: 'task_success';
return $this->redirectToRoute($nextAction);
}
Alternatively you can use the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Form::getClickedButton`
method to get the clicked button's name::
if ($form->getClickedButton() && 'saveAndAdd' === $form->getClickedButton()->getName()) {
// ...
}
// when using nested forms, two or more buttons can have the same name;
// in those cases, compare the button objects instead of the button names
if ($form->getClickedButton() === $form->get('saveAndAdd')) {
// ...
}
.. _validating-forms:
@@ -573,6 +720,47 @@ corresponding errors printed out with the form.
To see the second approach - adding constraints to the form - refer to
:ref:`this section <form-option-constraints>`. Both approaches can be used together.
.. _form-disabling-validation:
Disabling Validation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sometimes it's useful to suppress the validation of a form altogether. For
these cases, set the ``validation_groups`` option to ``false``::
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver): void
{
$resolver->setDefaults([
'validation_groups' => false,
]);
}
Note that when you do that, the form will still run basic integrity checks,
for example whether an uploaded file was too large or whether non-existing
fields were submitted.
The submission of extra form fields can be controlled with the
:ref:`allow_extra_fields config option <form-option-allow-extra-fields>` and
the maximum upload file size should be handled via your PHP and web server
configuration.
You can also disable validation for specific submit buttons using
``'validation_groups' => false``. This is useful in multi-step forms when you
want a "Previous" button to save data without running validation::
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($task)
// ...
->add('nextStep', SubmitType::class)
->add('previousStep', SubmitType::class, [
'validation_groups' => false,
])
->getForm();
The form will still validate basic integrity constraints even when clicking
"previousStep".
Other Common Form Features
--------------------------
@@ -1007,6 +1195,222 @@ read it like this::
To accept extra fields, set the :ref:`allow_extra_fields <form-option-allow-extra-fields>`
option to ``true``. Otherwise, the form will be invalid.
.. _forms-without-class:
Using a Form without a Data Class
---------------------------------
In most applications, a form is tied to an object, and the fields of the form get
and store their data on the properties of that object. This is what you've seen
so far in this article with the ``Task`` class.
However, by default, a form actually assumes that you want to work with arrays
of data, instead of an object. There are exactly two ways that you can change
this behavior and tie the form to an object instead:
#. Pass an object when creating the form (as the first argument to ``createFormBuilder()``
or the second argument to ``createForm()``);
#. Declare the ``data_class`` option on your form.
If you *don't* do either of these, then the form will return the data as an array.
In this example, since ``$defaultData`` is not an object (and no ``data_class``
option is set), ``$form->getData()`` ultimately returns an array::
// src/Controller/ContactController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
// ...
class ContactController extends AbstractController
{
public function contact(Request $request): Response
{
$defaultData = ['message' => 'Type your message here'];
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($defaultData)
->add('name', TextType::class)
->add('email', EmailType::class)
->add('message', TextareaType::class)
->add('send', SubmitType::class)
->getForm();
$form->handleRequest($request);
if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
// data is an array with "name", "email", and "message" keys
$data = $form->getData();
}
// ... render the form
}
}
.. tip::
You can also access POST values (in this case "name") directly through
the request object, like so::
$request->getPayload()->get('name');
Be advised, however, that in most cases using the ``getData()`` method is
a better choice, since it returns the data (usually an object) after
it's been transformed by the Form component.
.. _form-without-class-validation:
Adding Validation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Usually, when you call ``$form->handleRequest($request)``, the object is validated
by reading the constraints that you applied to that class. If your form is mapped
to an object, this is almost always the approach you want to use. See
:doc:`/validation` for more details.
.. _form-option-constraints:
But if the form is not mapped to an object and you instead want to retrieve an
array of your submitted data, there are two ways to add constraints to the form data.
Constraints At Field Level
..........................
You can attach constraints to the individual fields. The overall approach is
covered a bit more in :doc:`this validation article </validation/raw_values>`,
but here's a short example::
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\TextType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Length;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank;
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
$builder
->add('firstName', TextType::class, [
'constraints' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
])
->add('lastName', TextType::class, [
'constraints' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
])
;
}
.. tip::
If you are using validation groups, you need to either reference the
``Default`` group when creating the form, or set the correct group on
the constraint you are adding::
new NotBlank(['groups' => ['create', 'update']]);
.. tip::
If the form is not mapped to an object, every object in your array of
submitted data is validated using the ``Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Valid``
constraint, unless you :ref:`disable validation <disabling-validation>`.
.. warning::
When a form is only partially submitted (for example, in an HTTP PATCH
request), only the constraints from the submitted form fields will be
evaluated.
Constraints At Class Level
..........................
You can also add the constraints at the class level. This can be done by setting
the ``constraints`` option in the ``configureOptions()`` method::
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\TextType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Collection;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Length;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank;
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
{
$builder
->add('firstName', TextType::class)
->add('lastName', TextType::class);
}
public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver): void
{
$resolver->setDefaults([
'data_class' => null,
'constraints' => new Collection([
'firstName' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
'lastName' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
]),
]);
}
This means you can also do this when using the ``createFormBuilder()`` method
in your controller::
$form = $this->createFormBuilder($defaultData, [
'constraints' => [
'firstName' => new Length(['min' => 3]),
'lastName' => [
new NotBlank(),
new Length(['min' => 3]),
],
],
])
->add('firstName', TextType::class)
->add('lastName', TextType::class)
->getForm();
Conditional Constraints
.......................
It's possible to define field constraints that depend on the value of other
fields (e.g. a field must not be blank when another field has a certain value).
To achieve this, use the ``expression`` option of the
:doc:`When constraint </reference/constraints/When>` to reference the other field::
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
$builder
->add('how_did_you_hear', ChoiceType::class, [
'required' => true,
'label' => 'How did you hear about us?',
'choices' => [
'Search engine' => 'search_engine',
'Friends' => 'friends',
'Other' => 'other',
],
'expanded' => true,
'constraints' => [
new Assert\NotBlank(),
]
])
// this field is only required if the value of the 'how_did_you_hear' field is 'other'
->add('other_text', TextType::class, [
'required' => false,
'label' => 'Please specify',
'constraints' => [
new Assert\When(
expression: 'this.getParent().get("how_did_you_hear").getData() == "other"',
constraints: [
new Assert\NotBlank(),
],
)
],
])
;
Learn more
----------
@@ -1031,7 +1435,6 @@ Advanced Features:
/controller/upload_file
/security/csrf
/form/form_dependencies
/form/create_custom_field_type
/form/data_transformers
/form/data_mappers
@@ -1063,21 +1466,17 @@ Validation:
:maxdepth: 1
/form/validation_groups
/form/disabling_validation
Misc.:
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
/form/direct_submit
/form/embedded
/form/form_collections
/form/inherit_data_option
/form/multiple_buttons
/form/unit_testing
/form/use_empty_data
/form/without_class
.. _`Symfony Forms screencast series`: https://symfonycasts.com/screencast/symfony-forms
.. _`MakerBundle`: https://symfony.com/doc/current/bundles/SymfonyMakerBundle/index.html