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git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/zh/trunk@327908 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
412 lines
11 KiB
XML
412 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: 96c9d88bad9a7d7d44bfb7f26c226df7ee9ddf26 Maintainer: HonestQiao Status: ready -->
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<!-- Reviewed: no Maintainer: HonestQiao -->
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<refentry xml:id="function.array-multisort" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>array_multisort</refname>
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<refpurpose>对多个数组或多维数组进行排序</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 role="description">
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&reftitle.description;
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<methodsynopsis>
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<type>bool</type><methodname>array_multisort</methodname>
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<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter role="reference">arr</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>arg</parameter><initializer>SORT_ASC</initializer></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>arg</parameter><initializer>SORT_REGULAR</initializer></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>...</parameter></methodparam>
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</methodsynopsis>
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<para>
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<function>array_multisort</function>
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可以用来一次对多个数组进行排序，或者根据某一维或多维对多维数组进行排序。
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</para>
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<para>
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关联（<type>string</type>）键名保持不变，但数字键名会被重新索引。
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</para>
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<!-- 以下 refsect1 段内是译者额外添加的信息，会导致错误。 -->
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<para>
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排序顺序标志：
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_ASC</constant> - 按照上升顺序排序</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_DESC</constant> - 按照下降顺序排序</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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排序类型标志：
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant> - 将项目按照通常方法比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_NUMERIC</constant> - 将项目按照数值比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_STRING</constant> - 将项目按照字符串比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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每个数组之后不能指定两个同类的排序标志。每个数组后指定的排序标志仅对该数组有效 - 在此之前为默认值
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<constant>SORT_ASC</constant> 和 <constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>。
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</para>
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<para>
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输入数组被当成一个表的列并以行来排序——这类似于 SQL 的 ORDER BY
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子句的功能。第一个数组是要排序的主要数组。数组中的行（值）比较为相同的话就按照下一个输入数组中相应值的大小来排序，依此类推。
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</para>
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<para>
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本函数的参数结构有些不同寻常，但是非常灵活。第一个参数必须是一个数组。接下来的每个参数可以是数组或者是下面列出的排序标志。
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="parameters">
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&reftitle.parameters;
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>arr</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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要排序的一个 <type>array</type>。
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>arg</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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接下来的每个参数可以是另一个 <type>array</type> 或者是为之前 <type>array</type> 排序标志选项参数：
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<constant>SORT_ASC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_DESC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_NUMERIC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_STRING</constant>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>...</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Additional <parameter>arg</parameter>'s.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
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&reftitle.returnvalues;
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<para>
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&return.success;
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="examples">
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&reftitle.examples;
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Sorting multiple arrays</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar1 = array(10, 100, 100, 0);
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$ar2 = array(1, 3, 2, 4);
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array_multisort($ar1, $ar2);
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var_dump($ar1);
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var_dump($ar2);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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In this example, after sorting, the first array will contain 0,
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10, 100, 100. The second array will contain 4, 1, 2, 3. The
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entries in the second array corresponding to the identical
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entries in the first array (100 and 100) were sorted as well.
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(4) {
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[0]=> int(0)
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[1]=> int(10)
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[2]=> int(100)
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[3]=> int(100)
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}
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array(4) {
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[0]=> int(4)
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[1]=> int(1)
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[2]=> int(2)
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[3]=> int(3)
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>排序多维数组</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar = array(
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array("10", 11, 100, 100, "a"),
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array( 1, 2, "2", 3, 1)
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);
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array_multisort($ar[0], SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING,
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$ar[1], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
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var_dump($ar);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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本例中在排序后，第一个数组将变成
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"10"，100，100，11，"a"（被当作字符串以升序排列）。第二个数组将包含
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1, 3, "2", 2, 1（被当作数字以降序排列）。
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(2) {
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[0]=> array(5) {
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[0]=> string(2) "10"
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[1]=> int(100)
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[2]=> int(100)
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[3]=> int(11)
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[4]=> string(1) "a"
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}
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[1]=> array(5) {
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[0]=> int(1)
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[1]=> int(3)
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[2]=> string(1) "2"
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[3]=> int(2)
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[4]=> int(1)
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}
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>对数据库结果进行排序</title>
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<para>
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本例中 <varname>data</varname>
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数组中的每个单元表示一个表中的一行。这是典型的数据库记录的数据集合。
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</para>
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<para>
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例子中的数据如下：
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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volume | edition
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-------+--------
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67 | 2
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86 | 1
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85 | 6
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98 | 2
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86 | 6
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67 | 7
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]]>
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</screen>
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<para>
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数据全都存放在名为 <varname>data</varname>
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的数组中。这通常是通过循环从数据库取得的结果，例如
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<function>mysql_fetch_assoc</function>。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 2);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 1);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 85, 'edition' => 6);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 98, 'edition' => 2);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 6);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 7);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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本例中将把 <varname>volume</varname> 降序排列，把
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<varname>edition</varname> 升序排列。
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</para>
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<para>
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现在有了包含有行的数组，但是 <function>array_multisort</function>
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需要一个包含列的数组，因此用以下代码来取得列，然后排序。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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// 取得列的列表
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foreach ($data as $key => $row) {
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$volume[$key] = $row['volume'];
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$edition[$key] = $row['edition'];
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}
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// 将数据根据 volume 降序排列，根据 edition 升序排列
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// 把 $data 作为最后一个参数，以通用键排序
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array_multisort($volume, SORT_DESC, $edition, SORT_ASC, $data);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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数据集合现在排好序了，结果如下：
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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volume | edition
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-------+--------
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98 | 2
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86 | 1
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86 | 6
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85 | 6
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67 | 2
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67 | 7
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>不区分大小写字母排序</title>
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<para>
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<constant>SORT_STRING</constant> 和
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<constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>
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都是区分大小写字母的，大写字母会排在小写字母之前。
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</para>
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<para>
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要进行不区分大小写的排序，就要按照原数组的小写字母拷贝来排序。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$array = array('Alpha', 'atomic', 'Beta', 'bank');
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$array_lowercase = array_map('strtolower', $array);
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array_multisort($array_lowercase, SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING, $array);
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print_r($array);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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Array
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(
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[0] => Alpha
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[1] => atomic
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[2] => bank
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[3] => Beta
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)
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<!-- 以下案例是译者额外添加的信息，会导致错误。 -->
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<para>
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【译者注】本函数相当有用，为有助于理解，请再看下面这个例子：
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>名次排列</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$grade = array("score" => array(70, 95, 70.0, 60, "70"),
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"name" => array("Zhang San", "Li Si", "Wang Wu",
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"Zhao Liu", "Liu Qi"));
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array_multisort($grade["score"], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC,
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// 将分数作为数值，由高到低排序
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$grade["name"], SORT_STRING, SORT_ASC);
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// 将名字作为字符串，由小到大排序
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var_dump($grade);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(2) {
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["score"]=>
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array(5) {
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[0]=>
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int(95)
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[1]=>
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string(2) "70"
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[2]=>
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float(70)
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[3]=>
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int(70)
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[4]=>
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int(60)
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}
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["name"]=>
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array(5) {
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[0]=>
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string(5) "Li Si"
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[1]=>
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string(6) "Liu Qi"
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[2]=>
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string(7) "Wang Wu"
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[3]=>
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string(9) "Zhang San"
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[4]=>
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string(8) "Zhao Liu"
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}
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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<para>
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本例中对包含成绩的数组 <varname>$grade</varname>
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按照分数（score）由高到低进行排序，分数相同的人则按照名字（name）由小到大排序。排序后李四
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95 分为第一名，赵六 60 分为第五名没有异议。张三、王五和刘七都是
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70 分，他们的名次则由其姓名的字母顺序排列，Liu 在前，Wang 在后而
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Zhang 在最后。为了区别，三个 70
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分分别用了整数，浮点数和字符串来表示，可以在程序输出中清楚地看到它们排序的结果。
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</para>
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</example>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="seealso">
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&reftitle.seealso;
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<para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><function>usort</function></member>
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<member>&seealso.array.sorting;</member>
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</simplelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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