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https://github.com/php/doc-zh.git
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352 lines
12 KiB
XML
352 lines
12 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: 21ce7d7f4f9f6f241f3e09e7f0a5be5c504d90d2 Maintainer: daijie Status: ready -->
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<!-- CREDITS: mowangjuanzi, Luffy -->
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<refentry xml:id="function.set-error-handler" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>set_error_handler</refname>
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<refpurpose>设置用户自定义的错误处理函数</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 role="description">
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&reftitle.description;
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<methodsynopsis>
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<type class="union"><type>callable</type><type>null</type></type><methodname>set_error_handler</methodname>
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<methodparam><type class="union"><type>callable</type><type>null</type></type><parameter>callback</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>error_levels</parameter><initializer><constant>E_ALL</constant></initializer></methodparam>
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</methodsynopsis>
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<para>
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设置用户的函数 (<parameter>callback</parameter>) 来处理脚本中出现的错误。
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</para>
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<para>
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本函数可用于在运行时定义自定义错误处理程序，例如，在应用程序中发生严重错误，或者在特定条件下触发了错误（使用
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<function>trigger_error</function>），应用程序需要执行文件/数据清理。
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</para>
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<para>
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重要的是要记住 <parameter>error_levels</parameter> 里指定的错误类型都会绕过 PHP 标准错误处理程序，
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除非回调函数返回了 &false;。
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<function>error_reporting</function> 设置将不会起到作用而继续会调用错误处理函数
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—— 不过仍然可以获取 <link linkend="ini.error-reporting">error_reporting</link> 的当前值，并做适当处理。
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</para>
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<para>
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同时注意，处理程序有责任在必要时使用 <function>exit</function> 停止脚本执行。
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如果错误处理程序返回了，脚本将会在发生错误的后一行继续执行。
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</para>
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<para>
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以下级别的错误不能由用户定义的函数来处理，独立于发生错误的地方：
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<constant>E_ERROR</constant>、 <constant>E_PARSE</constant>、
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<constant>E_CORE_ERROR</constant>、 <constant>E_CORE_WARNING</constant>、
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<constant>E_COMPILE_ERROR</constant>、
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<constant>E_COMPILE_WARNING</constant>，和在
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调用 <function>set_error_handler</function> 函数所在文件中产生的大多数
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<constant>E_STRICT</constant>。
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</para>
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<para>
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如果错误发生在脚本执行之前（比如文件上传时），将不会
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调用自定义的错误处理程序因为它尚未在那时注册。
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="parameters">
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&reftitle.parameters;
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>callback</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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如果传递 &null;，则处理程序重置为默认状态。否则，处理程序是具有以下签名的回调。
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</para>
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<para>
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<methodsynopsis>
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<type>bool</type><methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
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<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>errno</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>errstr</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>errfile</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>errline</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>errcontext</parameter></methodparam>
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</methodsynopsis>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>errno</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<simpara>
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第一个参数 <parameter>errno</parameter>，将会以 int 形式传递错误的级别。
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</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>errstr</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<simpara>
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第二个参数 <parameter>errstr</parameter>，将会以 string 形式传递错误的信息。
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</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>errfile</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<simpara>
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如果回调接受第三个参数，<parameter>errfile</parameter>，将会以 string 形式传递错误的文件名。
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</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>errline</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<simpara>
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如果回调接受第四个参数，<parameter>errline</parameter>，将会以 int 形式传递错误发生的行号。
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</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>errcontext</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<simpara>
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如果回调接受第五个参数，<parameter>errcontext</parameter>
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将会传递数组，该数组指向错误发生时活动符号表。也就是说，<parameter>errcontext</parameter>
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会包含错误触发处作用域内所有变量的数组。用户的错误处理程序不应该修改错误上下文（context）。
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</simpara>
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<warning xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<simpara>
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此参数自 PHP 7.2.0 后<emphasis>弃用</emphasis>并自 PHP 8.0.0
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<emphasis>移除</emphasis>。如果函数没有为该参数定义默认值，那么在调用时会出现“too few arguments”的错误。
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</simpara>
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</warning>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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如果函数返回 &false;，标准错误处理处理程序将会继续调用。
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>error_levels</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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就像 <link linkend="ini.error-reporting">error_reporting</link>
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的 ini 设置能够控制错误的显示一样，此参数能够用于屏蔽
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<parameter>callback</parameter> 的触发。如果没有该掩码，无论 <link
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linkend="ini.error-reporting">error_reporting</link> 是如何设置的，<parameter>callback</parameter>
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都会在每个错误发生时被调用。
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
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&reftitle.returnvalues;
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<para>
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Returns the previously defined error handler (if any) as a <type>callable</type>.
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If the built-in error handler is used &null; is returned.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="changelog">
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&reftitle.changelog;
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<para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>&Version;</entry>
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<entry>&Description;</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>8.0.0</entry>
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<entry>
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删除 <parameter>errcontext</parameter> 并不再传递给用户回调。
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>7.2.0</entry>
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<entry>
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<parameter>errcontext</parameter> 被废弃。使用此参数时会导致 <constant>E_DEPRECATED</constant> 提醒。
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="examples">
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&reftitle.examples;
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>用 <function>set_error_handler</function> 和 <function>trigger_error</function> 进行错误处理</title>
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<para>
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以下示例展示了通过触发错误并以用户自定义的程序来进行内部异常的处理。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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// error handler function
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function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
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{
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if (!(error_reporting() & $errno)) {
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// This error code is not included in error_reporting, so let it fall
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// through to the standard PHP error handler
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return false;
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}
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// $errstr may need to be escaped:
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$errstr = htmlspecialchars($errstr);
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switch ($errno) {
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case E_USER_ERROR:
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echo "<b>My ERROR</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
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echo " Fatal error on line $errline in file $errfile";
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echo ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
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echo "Aborting...<br />\n";
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exit(1);
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case E_USER_WARNING:
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echo "<b>My WARNING</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
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break;
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case E_USER_NOTICE:
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echo "<b>My NOTICE</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
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break;
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default:
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echo "Unknown error type: [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
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break;
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}
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/* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
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return true;
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}
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// function to test the error handling
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function scale_by_log($vect, $scale)
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{
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if (!is_numeric($scale) || $scale <= 0) {
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trigger_error("log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = $scale", E_USER_ERROR);
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}
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if (!is_array($vect)) {
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trigger_error("Incorrect input vector, array of values expected", E_USER_WARNING);
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return null;
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}
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$temp = array();
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foreach($vect as $pos => $value) {
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if (!is_numeric($value)) {
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trigger_error("Value at position $pos is not a number, using 0 (zero)", E_USER_NOTICE);
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$value = 0;
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}
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$temp[$pos] = log($scale) * $value;
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}
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return $temp;
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}
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// set to the user defined error handler
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$old_error_handler = set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");
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// trigger some errors, first define a mixed array with a non-numeric item
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echo "vector a\n";
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$a = array(2, 3, "foo", 5.5, 43.3, 21.11);
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print_r($a);
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// now generate second array
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echo "----\nvector b - a notice (b = log(PI) * a)\n";
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/* Value at position $pos is not a number, using 0 (zero) */
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$b = scale_by_log($a, M_PI);
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print_r($b);
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// this is trouble, we pass a string instead of an array
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echo "----\nvector c - a warning\n";
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/* Incorrect input vector, array of values expected */
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$c = scale_by_log("not array", 2.3);
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var_dump($c); // NULL
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// this is a critical error, log of zero or negative number is undefined
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echo "----\nvector d - fatal error\n";
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/* log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = $scale" */
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$d = scale_by_log($a, -2.5);
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var_dump($d); // Never reached
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs.similar;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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vector a
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Array
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(
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[0] => 2
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[1] => 3
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[2] => foo
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[3] => 5.5
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[4] => 43.3
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[5] => 21.11
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)
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----
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vector b - a notice (b = log(PI) * a)
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<b>My NOTICE</b> [1024] Value at position 2 is not a number, using 0 (zero)<br />
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Array
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(
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[0] => 2.2894597716988
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[1] => 3.4341896575482
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[2] => 0
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[3] => 6.2960143721717
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[4] => 49.566804057279
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[5] => 24.165247890281
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)
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----
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vector c - a warning
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<b>My WARNING</b> [512] Incorrect input vector, array of values expected<br />
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NULL
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----
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vector d - fatal error
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<b>My ERROR</b> [256] log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = -2.5<br />
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Fatal error on line 35 in file trigger_error.php, PHP 5.2.1 (FreeBSD)<br />
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Aborting...<br />
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="seealso">
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&reftitle.seealso;
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<para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><classname>ErrorException</classname></member>
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<member><function>error_reporting</function></member>
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<member><function>get_error_handler</function></member>
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<member><function>trigger_error</function></member>
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<member><link linkend="errorfunc.constants">error level constants</link></member>
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</simplelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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