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c093fb5382
* Enhancement: Enable and configure trailing_comma_in_multiline fixer * Fix: Run 'make coding-standards'
495 lines
18 KiB
PHP
495 lines
18 KiB
PHP
<?php
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$_SERVER['BASE_PAGE'] = 'releases/8.0/zh.php';
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include_once __DIR__ . '/common.php';
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releases\php80\common_header(
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'PHP 8.0 是 PHP 语言的一个主版本更新。它包含了很多新功能与优化项，' .
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'包括命名参数、联合类型、注解、构造器属性提升、match 表达式、' .
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'Nullsafe 运算符、JIT，并改进了类型系统、错误处理、语法一致性。');
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?>
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<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_header center">
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<div class="page-tools">
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<div class="change-language">
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<?php releases\php80\language_chooser('zh'); ?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-section__content">
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<div class="php8-logo">
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<img src="/images/php8/logo_php8.svg" alt="php8" height="126" width="343">
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</div>
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<div class="php8-title">已发布！</div>
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<div class="php8-subtitle">
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PHP 8.0 是 PHP 语言的一个主版本更新。
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<br class="display-none-md"> 它包含了很多新功能与优化项，
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包括命名参数、联合类型、注解、构造器属性提升、match 表达式、nullsafe 运算符、JIT，并改进了类型系统、错误处理、语法一致性。
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</div>
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<div class="php8-button-wrapper center">
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<a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">更新到 PHP 8！</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section class="php8-section center">
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="named-arguments">
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命名参数
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/named_params">RFC</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, \'UTF-8\', false);',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'htmlspecialchars($string, double_encode: false);',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<ul>
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<li>仅仅指定必填参数，跳过可选参数。</li>
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<li>参数的顺序无关、自己就是文档（self-documented）</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="attributes">
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注解
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/zh/language.attributes.php">Doc</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class PostsController
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{
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/**
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* @Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods={"GET"})
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*/
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public function get($id) { /* ... */ }
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}',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class PostsController
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{
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#[Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods: ["GET"])]
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public function get($id) { /* ... */ }
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}',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>现在可以用 PHP 原生语法来使用结构化的元数据，而非 PHPDoc 声明。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="constructor-property-promotion">
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构造器属性提升
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/constructor_promotion">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/zh/language.oop5.decon.php#language.oop5.decon.constructor.promotion">文档</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class Point {
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public float $x;
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public float $y;
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public float $z;
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public function __construct(
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float $x = 0.0,
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float $y = 0.0,
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float $z = 0.0
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) {
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$this->x = $x;
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$this->y = $y;
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$this->z = $z;
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}
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}',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class Point {
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public function __construct(
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public float $x = 0.0,
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public float $y = 0.0,
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public float $z = 0.0,
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) {}
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}',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>更少的样板代码来定义并初始化属性。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="union-types">
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联合类型
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/zh/language.types.declarations.php#language.types.declarations.composite.union">文档</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class Number {
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/** @var int|float */
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private $number;
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/**
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* @param float|int $number
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*/
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public function __construct($number) {
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$this->number = $number;
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}
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}
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new Number(\'NaN\'); // Ok',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'class Number {
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public function __construct(
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private int|float $number
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) {}
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}
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new Number(\'NaN\'); // TypeError',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>相较于以前的 PHPDoc 声明类型的组合，
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现在可以用原生支持的联合类型声明取而代之，并在运行时得到校验。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="match-expression">
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Match 表达式
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/match_expression_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/zh/control-structures.match.php">文档</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'switch (8.0) {
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case \'8.0\':
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$result = "Oh no!";
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break;
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case 8.0:
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$result = "This is what I expected";
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break;
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}
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echo $result;
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//> Oh no!',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'echo match (8.0) {
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\'8.0\' => "Oh no!",
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8.0 => "This is what I expected",
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};
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//> This is what I expected',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>新的 match 类似于 switch，并具有以下功能：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Match 是一个表达式，它可以储存到变量中亦可以直接返回。</li>
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<li>Match 分支仅支持单行，它不需要一个 break; 语句。</li>
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<li>Match 使用严格比较。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="nullsafe-operator">
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Nullsafe 运算符
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/nullsafe_operator">RFC</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'$country = null;
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if ($session !== null) {
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$user = $session->user;
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if ($user !== null) {
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$address = $user->getAddress();
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if ($address !== null) {
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$country = $address->country;
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}
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}
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}',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'$country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>现在可以用新的 nullsafe 运算符链式调用，而不需要条件检查 null。
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如果链条中的一个元素失败了，整个链条会中止并认定为 Null。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="saner-string-to-number-comparisons">
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字符串与数字的比较更符合逻辑
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/string_to_number_comparison">RFC</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'0 == \'foobar\' // true',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'0 == \'foobar\' // false',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>PHP 8 比较数字字符串（numeric string）时，会按数字进行比较。
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不是数字字符串时，将数字转化为字符串，按字符串比较。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare">
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<h2 class="php8-h2" id="consistent-type-errors-for-internal-functions">
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内部函数类型错误的一致性。
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<a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/consistent_type_errors">RFC</a>
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</h2>
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<div class="php8-compare__main">
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'strlen([]); // Warning: strlen() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given
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array_chunk([], -1); // Warning: array_chunk(): Size parameter expected to be greater than 0',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
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<div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
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<div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
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<div class="php8-code phpcode">
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<?php highlight_php_trimmed(
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'strlen([]); // TypeError: strlen(): Argument #1 ($str) must be of type string, array given
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array_chunk([], -1); // ValueError: array_chunk(): Argument #2 ($length) must be greater than 0',
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);?>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-compare__content">
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<p>现在大多数内部函数在参数验证失败时抛出 Error 级异常。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section class="php8-section php8-section_light">
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<h2 class="php8-h2">即时编译</h2>
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<p>
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PHP 8 引入了两个即时编译引擎。
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Tracing JIT 在两个中更有潜力，它在综合基准测试中显示了三倍的性能，
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并在某些长时间运行的程序中显示了 1.5-2 倍的性能改进。
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典型的应用性能则和 PHP 7.4 不相上下。
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</p>
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<h3 class="php8-h3">
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关于 JIT 对 PHP 8 性能的贡献
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</h3>
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<p>
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<img src="/images/php8/scheme.svg" width="900" alt="Just-In-Time compilation">
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</p>
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<div class="php8-columns">
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<div class="php8-column">
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<h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">类型系统与错误处理的改进</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>
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算术/位运算符更严格的类型检测
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<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/arithmetic_operator_type_checks">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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Abstract trait 方法的验证 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/abstract_trait_method_validation">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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确保魔术方法签名正确 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/magic-methods-signature">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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PHP 引擎 warning 警告的重新分类 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/engine_warnings">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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不兼容的方法签名导致 Fatal 错误 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/lsp_errors">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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操作符 @ 不再抑制 fatal 错误。
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</li>
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<li>
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私有方法继承 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/inheritance_private_methods">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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Mixed 类型 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mixed_type_v2">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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Static 返回类型 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/static_return_type">RFC</a>
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</li>
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||
<li>
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内部函数的类型
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<a href="https://externals.io/message/106522">Email thread</a>
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</li>
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||
<li>
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扩展
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/resource-CurlHandle">Curl</a>、
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/gdimage">Gd</a>、
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/sockets-sockets-addressinfo">Sockets</a>、
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/OpenSSL-resource">OpenSSL</a>、
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XMLWriter</a>、
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<a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XML</a>
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以 Opaque 对象替换 resource。
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="php8-column">
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<h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">其他语法调整和改进</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>
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允许参数列表中的末尾逗号 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_parameter_list">RFC</a>、
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闭包 use 列表中的末尾逗号 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_closure_use_list">RFC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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无变量捕获的 catch <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/non-capturing_catches">RFC</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
变量语法的调整 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/variable_syntax_tweaks">RFC</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Namespace 名称作为单个 token <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/namespaced_names_as_token">RFC</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
现在 throw 是一个表达式 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/throw_expression">RFC</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
允许对象的 ::class <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/class_name_literal_on_object">RFC</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">新的类、接口、函数</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/weak_maps">Weak Map</a> 类
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/stringable">Stringable</a> 接口
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/str_contains">str_contains()</a>、
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_starts_with()</a>、
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_ends_with()</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/4769">fdiv()</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/get_debug_type">get_debug_type()</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/5427">get_resource_id()</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/token_as_object">token_get_all()</a> 对象实现
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/dom_living_standard_api">New DOM Traversal and Manipulation APIs</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_footer php8-footer">
|
||
<div class="php8-section__content">
|
||
<h2 class="php8-h2 center">
|
||
性能更好，语法更好，类型安全更完善
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="php8-button-wrapper center">
|
||
<a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">更新到 PHP 8！</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="php8-footer__content">
|
||
<p>
|
||
请访问 <a href="http://www.php.net/downloads">下载</a> 页面下载 PHP 8 源代码。
|
||
在 <a href="http://windows.php.net/download">PHP for Windows</a> 站点中可找到 Windows 二进制文件。
|
||
<a href="http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php">ChangeLog</a> 中有变更历史记录清单。
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
PHP 手册中有 <a href="/manual/zh/migration80.php">迁移指南</a>。
|
||
请参考它描述的新功能详细清单、向后不兼容的变化。
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<?php site_footer();
|