<?php
$_SERVER['BASE_PAGE'] = 'releases/8.0/en.php';
include_once __DIR__ . '/common.php';

releases\php80\common_header(
    'PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language. ' .
    'It contains many new features and optimizations including ' .
    'named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, ' .
    'match expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and ' .
    'improvements in the type system, error handling, and consistency.');

?>
<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_header center">
  <div class="page-tools">
    <div class="change-language">
        <?php releases\php80\language_chooser('en'); ?>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="php8-section__content">
    <div class="php8-logo">
      <img src="/images/php8/logo_php8.svg" alt="php8" height="126" width="343">
    </div>
    <div class="php8-title">Released!</div>
    <div class="php8-subtitle">
      PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language.<br class="display-none-md"> It contains many new features and
      optimizations including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match
      expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and improvements in the type system, error handling, and consistency.
    </div>
    <div class="php8-button-wrapper center">
      <a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">Upgrade to PHP 8 now!</a>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<section class="php8-section center">
  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="named-arguments">
      Named arguments
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/named_params">RFC</a>
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.named-arguments">Doc</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, \'UTF-8\', false);',
            );?>
        </div>


      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'htmlspecialchars($string, double_encode: false);',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <ul>
        <li>Specify only required parameters, skipping optional ones.</li>
        <li>Arguments are order-independent and self-documented.</li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="attributes">
      Attributes
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.attributes.php">Doc</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class PostsController
{
    /**
     * @Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods={"GET"})
     */
    public function get($id) { /* ... */ }
}',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class PostsController
{
    #[Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods: ["GET"])]
    public function get($id) { /* ... */ }
}',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>Instead of PHPDoc annotations, you can now use structured metadata with PHP's native syntax.</p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="constructor-property-promotion">
      Constructor property promotion
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/constructor_promotion">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#language.oop5.decon.constructor.promotion">Doc</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class Point {
  public float $x;
  public float $y;
  public float $z;

  public function __construct(
    float $x = 0.0,
    float $y = 0.0,
    float $z = 0.0
  ) {
    $this->x = $x;
    $this->y = $y;
    $this->z = $z;
  }
}',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class Point {
  public function __construct(
    public float $x = 0.0,
    public float $y = 0.0,
    public float $z = 0.0,
  ) {}
}',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>Less boilerplate code to define and initialize properties.</p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="union-types">
      Union types
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.types.declarations.php#language.types.declarations.union">Doc</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class Number {
  /** @var int|float */
  private $number;

  /**
   * @param float|int $number
   */
  public function __construct($number) {
    $this->number = $number;
  }
}

new Number(\'NaN\'); // Ok',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'class Number {
  public function __construct(
    private int|float $number
  ) {}
}

new Number(\'NaN\'); // TypeError',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>Instead of PHPDoc annotations for a combination of types, you can use native union type declarations that are
        validated at runtime.</p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="match-expression">
      Match expression
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/match_expression_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/control-structures.match.php">Doc</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'switch (8.0) {
  case \'8.0\':
    $result = "Oh no!";
    break;
  case 8.0:
    $result = "This is what I expected";
    break;
}
echo $result;
//> Oh no!',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'echo match (8.0) {
  \'8.0\' => "Oh no!",
  8.0 => "This is what I expected",
};
//> This is what I expected',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>The new match is similar to switch and has the following features:</p>
      <ul>
        <li>Match is an expression, meaning its result can be stored in a variable or returned.</li>
        <li>Match branches only support single-line expressions and do not need a break; statement.</li>
        <li>Match does strict comparisons.</li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="nullsafe-operator">
      Nullsafe operator
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/nullsafe_operator">RFC</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                '$country =  null;

if ($session !== null) {
  $user = $session->user;

  if ($user !== null) {
    $address = $user->getAddress();
  
    if ($address !== null) {
      $country = $address->country;
    }
  }
}',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                '$country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>Instead of null check conditions, you can now use a chain of calls with the new nullsafe operator. When the
        evaluation of one element in the chain fails, the execution of the entire chain aborts and the entire chain
        evaluates to null.</p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="saner-string-to-number-comparisons">
      Saner string to number comparisons
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/string_to_number_comparison">RFC</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                '0 == \'foobar\' // true',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                '0 == \'foobar\' // false',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>When comparing to a numeric string, PHP 8 uses a number comparison. Otherwise, it converts the number to a
        string and uses a string comparison.</p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="php8-compare">
    <h2 class="php8-h2" id="consistent-type-errors-for-internal-functions">
      Consistent type errors for internal functions
      <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/consistent_type_errors">RFC</a>
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-compare__main">
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'strlen([]); // Warning: strlen() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given

array_chunk([], -1); // Warning: array_chunk(): Size parameter expected to be greater than 0',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div>
      <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents">
        <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div>
        <div class="php8-code phpcode">
            <?php highlight_php_trimmed(
                'strlen([]); // TypeError: strlen(): Argument #1 ($str) must be of type string, array given

array_chunk([], -1); // ValueError: array_chunk(): Argument #2 ($length) must be greater than 0',
            );?>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-compare__content">
      <p>Most of the internal functions now throw an Error exception if the validation of the parameters fails.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<section class="php8-section php8-section_light">
  <h2 class="php8-h2">Just-In-Time compilation</h2>
  <p>
    PHP 8 introduces two JIT compilation engines. Tracing JIT, the most promising of the two, shows about 3 times better
    performance on synthetic benchmarks and 1.5–2 times improvement on some specific long-running applications. Typical
    application performance is on par with PHP 7.4.
  </p>
  <h3 class="php8-h3">
    Relative JIT contribution to PHP 8 performance
  </h3>
  <p>
    <img src="/images/php8/scheme.svg" width="900" alt="Just-In-Time compilation">
  </p>

  <div class="php8-columns">
    <div class="php8-column">
      <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">Type system and error handling improvements</h2>
      <ul>
        <li>
          Stricter type checks for arithmetic/bitwise operators
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/arithmetic_operator_type_checks">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Abstract trait method validation <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/abstract_trait_method_validation">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Correct signatures of magic methods <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/magic-methods-signature">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Reclassified engine warnings <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/engine_warnings">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Fatal error for incompatible method signatures <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/lsp_errors">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          The @ operator no longer silences fatal errors.
        </li>
        <li>
          Inheritance with private methods <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/inheritance_private_methods">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Mixed type <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mixed_type_v2">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Static return type <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/static_return_type">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Types for internal functions
          <a href="https://externals.io/message/106522">Email thread</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Opaque objects instead of resources for
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/resource-CurlHandle">Curl</a>,
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/gdimage">Gd</a>,
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/sockets-sockets-addressinfo">Sockets</a>,
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/OpenSSL-resource">OpenSSL</a>,
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XMLWriter</a>, and
            <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XML</a>
            extensions
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-column">
      <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">Other syntax tweaks and improvements</h2>
      <ul>
        <li>
          Allow a trailing comma in parameter lists <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_parameter_list">RFC</a>
          and closure use lists <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_closure_use_list">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Non-capturing catches <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/non-capturing_catches">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Variable Syntax Tweaks <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/variable_syntax_tweaks">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Treat namespaced names as single token <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/namespaced_names_as_token">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Throw is now an expression <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/throw_expression">RFC</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          Allow ::class on objects <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/class_name_literal_on_object">RFC</a>
        </li>
      </ul>

      <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">New Classes, Interfaces, and Functions</h2>
      <ul>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/weak_maps">Weak Map</a> class
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/stringable">Stringable</a> interface
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/str_contains">str_contains()</a>,
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_starts_with()</a>,
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_ends_with()</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/4769">fdiv()</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/get_debug_type">get_debug_type()</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/5427">get_resource_id()</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/token_as_object">token_get_all()</a> object implementation
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/dom_living_standard_api">New DOM Traversal and Manipulation APIs</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_footer php8-footer">
  <div class="php8-section__content">
    <h2 class="php8-h2 center">
      Better performance, better syntax, improved type safety.
    </h2>
    <div class="php8-button-wrapper center">
      <a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">Upgrade to PHP 8 now!</a>
    </div>
    <div class="php8-footer__content">
      <p>
        For source downloads of PHP 8 please visit the <a href="http://www.php.net/downloads">downloads</a> page.
        Windows binaries can be found on the <a href="http://windows.php.net/download">PHP for Windows</a> site.
        The list of changes is recorded in the <a href="http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php">ChangeLog</a>.
      </p>
      <p>
        The <a href="/manual/en/migration80.php">migration guide</a> is available in the PHP Manual. Please
        consult it for a detailed list of new features and backward-incompatible changes.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>




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