diff --git a/Zend/Optimizer/zend_inference.c b/Zend/Optimizer/zend_inference.c
index b901055ef7f..10a92981ed7 100644
--- a/Zend/Optimizer/zend_inference.c
+++ b/Zend/Optimizer/zend_inference.c
@@ -1731,6 +1731,12 @@ static uint32_t get_ssa_alias_types(zend_ssa_alias_kind alias) {
 		}																\
 		if (__var >= 0) {												\
 			zend_ssa_var *__ssa_var = &ssa_vars[__var];					\
+			if (__ssa_var->var < op_array->num_args) {					\
+				if (__type & MAY_BE_RC1) {                              \
+					/* TODO: may be captured by exception backtreace */ \
+					__type |= MAY_BE_RCN;                               \
+				}                                                       \
+			}                                                           \
 			if (__ssa_var->var < op_array->last_var) {					\
 				if (__type & (MAY_BE_REF|MAY_BE_RCN)) {					\
 					__type |= MAY_BE_RC1 | MAY_BE_RCN;					\
diff --git a/ext/opcache/tests/jit/gh12509.phpt b/ext/opcache/tests/jit/gh12509.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae8bdee6619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/opcache/tests/jit/gh12509.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--TEST--
+GH-12509: JIT assertion when running php-parser tests
+--INI--
+opcache.enable=1
+opcache.enable_cli=1
+--FILE--
+<?php
+function capture() {
+    $GLOBALS["x"] = new Exception();
+}
+function test($a) {
+    $a[1] = 1;
+    $a[2] = 2;
+    capture();
+    $a[3] = 3;
+    return $a;
+}
+var_dump(test([]));
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+array(3) {
+  [1]=>
+  int(1)
+  [2]=>
+  int(2)
+  [3]=>
+  int(3)
+}
\ No newline at end of file