mirror of
https://github.com/php/doc-zh.git
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33a04832b1
git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/zh/trunk@117693 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
290 lines
9.5 KiB
XML
Executable File
290 lines
9.5 KiB
XML
Executable File
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
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<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
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<!-- $Author: dallas $ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: 1.15 Maintainer: dallas Status: ready -->
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<!-- CREDITS: Gregory -->
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<reference id="ref.pgsql">
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<title>PostgreSQL 数据库函数库</title>
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<titleabbrev>PostgreSQL</titleabbrev>
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<partintro>
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<section id="pgsql.intro">
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&reftitle.intro;
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<para>
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PostgreSQL 是一个开放源码的免费数据库系统。Postgres
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最初由加州大学伯克利分校计算机科学系开发，倡导了很多关系对象的观念，这些观念现在已经用在一些商业数据库系统中。它提供了
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SQL92/SQL99 语言支持，事务处理，引用集成，存储过程以及类型扩展。PostgreSQL 则是
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Postgres 的一个开放源代码的后代。
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id="pgsql.requirements">
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&reftitle.required;
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<para>
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要使用 PostgreSQL 支持，需要 PostgreSQL 6.5 或更新版本，PostgreSQL 7.0
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或更新版本来使用所有的 PostgreSQL 模块。PostgreSQL
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支持多种字符编码包括多字节字符编码。关于 PostgreSQL
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的当前版本以及更多信息见 <ulink url="&url.pgsql;">&url.pgsql;</ulink>
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以及 <ulink url="&url.pgsql.techdocs;">&url.pgsql.techdocs;</ulink>。
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</para>
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</section>
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&reference.pgsql.configure;
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&reference.pgsql.ini;
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<section id="pgsql.using">
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<title>使用方法及提示</title>
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<warning>
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<para>
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由于 notice message handling 代码中的 bug，不推荐在 PHP 4.0.6 中使用 PostgreSQL 模块。使用 4.1.0 或更新版本。
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</para>
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</warning>
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<warning>
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<para>
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为符合当前编码标准，PostgreSQL 函数名称将在 4.2.0 版本中改变。大多数新名称将多出一个下划线，例如 pg_lo_open()。一部分函数则改变了名称以保持一致性。例如 pg_exec() 改为 pg_query()。老的函数名依然可以在 4.2.0 和以后的少数几个版本中使用，但以后可能会删除。
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</para>
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<table>
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<title>已改变的函数名</title>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>旧名称</entry>
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<entry>新名称</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_exec</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_query</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_getlastoid</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_last_oid</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_cmdtuples</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_affected_rows</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_numrows</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_num_rows</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_numfields</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_num_fields</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_fieldname</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_field_name</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_fieldsize</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_field_size</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_fieldnum</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_field_num</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_fieldprtlen</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_field_prtlen</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_fieldisnull</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_field_is_null</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_freeresult</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_free_result</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_result</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_fetch_result</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loreadall</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_read_all</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_locreate</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_create</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_lounlink</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_unlink</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loopen</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_open</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loclose</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_close</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loread</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_read</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_lowrite</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_write</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loimport</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_import</function></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>pg_loexport</function></entry>
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<entry><function>pg_lo_export</function></entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>
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为以后支持异步连接，将不再提倡用旧语法使用函数 <function>pg_connect</function>/<function>pg_pconnect</function>。请用连接字符串作为参数来使用函数 <function>pg_connect</function> 和 <function>pg_pconnect</function>。
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</para>
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</warning>
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<para>
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不是所有的版本都支持所有的函数，这和 libpq 的版本和编译方法有关。如果编译源代码时少了一个函数，那么 libpq 就不支持需要该函数的功能。
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</para>
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<para>
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不要使用比 PostgreSQL 服务器连接所接受更旧版本的 libpq 也很重要。如果你用的 libpq 版本比 PostgreSQL 服务器预期的低就可能出现问题。
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</para>
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<para>
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PostgreSQL 在 6.3 (03/02/1998) 版之后默认使用 unix domain sockets，默认状态下不会打开 TCP 端口。下面这张表说明了各种新建连接的可能性。TCP/IP socket 放在 <filename>/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432</filename>。该选项可用 <command>postmaster</command> 中的 '-i' 参数打开，它表示“监视 TCP/IP 端口以及 Unix domain socket”。
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<table>
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<title>Postmaster 和 PHP</title>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Postmaster</entry>
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<entry>PHP</entry>
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<entry>状态</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>postmaster &</entry>
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<entry>pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName");</entry>
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<entry>OK</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>postmaster -i &</entry>
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<entry>pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName");</entry>
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<entry>OK</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>postmaster &</entry>
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<entry>pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName");</entry>
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<entry>
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Unable to connect to PostgreSQL server: connectDB() failed:
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Is the postmaster running and accepting TCP/IP (with -i)
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connection at 'localhost' on port '5432'? in
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/path/to/file.php on line 20.
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>postmaster -i &</entry>
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<entry>pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName");</entry>
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<entry>OK</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</para>
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<para>
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到 PostgreSQL 服务器的连接可以通过以下命令串中的参数对建立：<command>$conn =
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pg_connect("host=myHost port=myPort tty=myTTY options=myOptions
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dbname=myDB user=myUser password=myPassword");
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</command>
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</para>
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<para>
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以前的语法：
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<command>
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$conn = pg_connect ("host", "port", "options", "tty", "dbname")
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</command>
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已经不再提倡使用。
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</para>
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<para>
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环境变量会影响 PostgreSQL 服务器／客户机的行为。例如如果连接串中省略了主机名，PostgreSQL 模块将会查找环境变量 PGHOST。
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不同版本所支持的环境变量不同，详情参考 PostgreSQL Programmers's Manual (libpq - Environment Variables)。
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</para>
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<para>
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确认已经给适当的用户设置了环境变量。用 <literal>$_ENV</literal> 或 <function>getenv</function> 来检查当前进程可以使用哪些环境变量。
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>设定默认参数</title>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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PGHOST=pgsql.example.com
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PGPORT=7890
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PGDATABASE=web-system
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PGUSER=web-user
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PGPASSWORD=secret
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PGDATESTYLE=ISO
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PGTZ=JST
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PGCLIENTENCODING=EUC-JP
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export PGHOST PGPORT PGDATABASE PGUSER PGPASSWORD PGDATESTYLE PGTZ PGCLIENTENCODING
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</section>
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&reference.pgsql.constants;
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<section id="pgsql.examples">
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&reftitle.examples;
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<para>
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从 PostgreSQL 7.1.0 开始，在一个 text 类型字段中最多可以储存 1GB 的数据。在老版本中则限制为一个块的大小（默认 8KB，最大 32KB，编译时指定）。
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</para>
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<para>
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要使用 large object (lo) 接口，需要把 large object 函数放在一个事务段中。事务段以 SQL 语句 <command>BEGIN</command> 开始，如果该事务合法，以 <command>COMMIT</command> 或者 <command>END</command>结束，如果该事务失败，则以 <command>ROLLBACK</command> 或者 <command>ABORT</command>结束。
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<example>
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<title>使用 Large Object</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$database = pg_connect ("dbname=jacarta");
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pg_query ($database, "begin");
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$oid = pg_lo_create ($database);
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echo "$oid\n";
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$handle = pg_lo_open ($database, $oid, "w");
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echo "$handle\n";
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pg_lo_write ($handle, "large object data");
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pg_lo_close ($handle);
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pg_query ($database, "commit");
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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在关闭 large object 之前不应关闭到 PostgreSQL 服务器的连接。
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</para>
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</section>
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</partintro>
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&reference.pgsql.functions;
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</reference>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"../../../manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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