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HonestQiao
252bcfe266
git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/zh/trunk@324983 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
634 lines
16 KiB
XML
634 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: 96c9d88bad9a7d7d44bfb7f26c226df7ee9ddf26 Maintainer: HonestQiao Status: ready -->
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<!-- Reviewed: no Maintainer: HonestQiao -->
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<refentry xml:id="function.array-multisort" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>array_multisort</refname>
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<refpurpose>对多个数组或多维数组进行排序</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 role="description">
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&reftitle.description;
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<methodsynopsis>
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<type>bool</type><methodname>array_multisort</methodname>
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<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>ar1</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>arg</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>...</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>...</parameter></methodparam>
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<!-- Parameters don't need to be passed by reference -->
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</methodsynopsis>
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<para>
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&return.success;
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</para>
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<para>
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<function>array_multisort</function>
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可以用来一次对多个数组进行排序，或者根据某一维或多维对多维数组进行排序。
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</para>
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<para>
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关联（<type>string</type>）键名保持不变，但数字键名会被重新索引。
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</para>
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<para>
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输入数组被当成一个表的列并以行来排序——这类似于 SQL 的 ORDER BY
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子句的功能。第一个数组是要排序的主要数组。数组中的行（值）比较为相同的话就按照下一个输入数组中相应值的大小来排序，依此类推。
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</para>
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<para>
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本函数的参数结构有些不同寻常，但是非常灵活。第一个参数必须是一个数组。接下来的每个参数可以是数组或者是下面列出的排序标志。
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</para>
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<para>
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排序顺序标志：
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_ASC</constant> - 按照上升顺序排序</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_DESC</constant> - 按照下降顺序排序</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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排序类型标志：
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant> - 将项目按照通常方法比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_NUMERIC</constant> - 将项目按照数值比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<simpara><constant>SORT_STRING</constant> - 将项目按照字符串比较</simpara>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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每个数组之后不能指定两个同类的排序标志。每个数组后指定的排序标志仅对该数组有效 - 在此之前为默认值
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<constant>SORT_ASC</constant> 和 <constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>。
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>对多个数组排序</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar1 = array("10", 100, 100, "a");
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$ar2 = array(1, 3, "2", 1);
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array_multisort($ar1, $ar2);
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var_dump($ar1);
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var_dump($ar2);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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本例中经过排序后，第一个数组将包含
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"10"，"a"，100，100。第二个数组将包含
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1，1，"2"，3。第二个数组中的项目顺序完全和第一个数组中相应的项目（100 和 100）顺序一致。
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(4) {
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[0]=> string(2) "10"
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[1]=> string(1) "a"
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[2]=> int(100)
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[3]=> int(100)
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}
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array(4) {
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[0]=> int(1)
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[1]=> int(1)
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[2]=> string(1) "2"
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[3]=> int(3)
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>对多维数组排序</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar = array (array ("10", 100, 100, "a"), array (1, 3, "2", 1));
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array_multisort ($ar[0], SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING,
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$ar[1], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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本例中经过排序后，第一个数组将包含
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10，100，100，"a"（作为字符串上升排序），第二个数组将包含
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1，3，"2"，1（作为数值下降排序）。
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Sorting multi-dimensional array</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar = array(
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array("10", 11, 100, 100, "a"),
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array( 1, 2, "2", 3, 1)
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);
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array_multisort($ar[0], SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING,
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$ar[1], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
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var_dump($ar);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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本例中在排序后，第一个数组将变成
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"10"，100，100，11，"a"（被当作字符串以升序排列）。第二个数组将包含
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1, 3, "2", 2, 1（被当作数字以降序排列）。
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(2) {
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[0]=> array(5) {
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[0]=> string(2) "10"
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[1]=> int(100)
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[2]=> int(100)
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[3]=> int(11)
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[4]=> string(1) "a"
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}
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[1]=> array(5) {
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[0]=> int(1)
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[1]=> int(3)
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[2]=> string(1) "2"
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[3]=> int(2)
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[4]=> int(1)
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}
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>对数据库结果进行排序</title>
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<para>
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本例中 <varname>data</varname>
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数组中的每个单元表示一个表中的一行。这是典型的数据库记录的数据集合。
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</para>
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<para>
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例子中的数据如下：
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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volume | edition
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-------+--------
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67 | 2
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86 | 1
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85 | 6
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98 | 2
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86 | 6
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67 | 7
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]]>
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</screen>
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<para>
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数据全都存放在名为 <varname>data</varname>
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的数组中。这通常是通过循环从数据库取得的结果，例如
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<function>mysql_fetch_assoc</function>。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 2);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 1);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 85, 'edition' => 6);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 98, 'edition' => 2);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 6);
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$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 7);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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本例中将把 <varname>volume</varname> 降序排列，把
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<varname>edition</varname> 升序排列。
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</para>
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<para>
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现在有了包含有行的数组，但是 <function>array_multisort</function>
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需要一个包含列的数组，因此用以下代码来取得列，然后排序。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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// 取得列的列表
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foreach ($data as $key => $row) {
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$volume[$key] = $row['volume'];
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$edition[$key] = $row['edition'];
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}
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// 将数据根据 volume 降序排列，根据 edition 升序排列
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// 把 $data 作为最后一个参数，以通用键排序
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array_multisort($volume, SORT_DESC, $edition, SORT_ASC, $data);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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数据集合现在排好序了，结果如下：
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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volume | edition
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-------+--------
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98 | 2
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86 | 1
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86 | 6
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85 | 6
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67 | 2
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67 | 7
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>不区分大小写字母排序</title>
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<para>
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<constant>SORT_STRING</constant> 和
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<constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>
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都是区分大小写字母的，大写字母会排在小写字母之前。
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</para>
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<para>
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要进行不区分大小写的排序，就要按照原数组的小写字母拷贝来排序。
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$array = array('Alpha', 'atomic', 'Beta', 'bank');
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$array_lowercase = array_map('strtolower', $array);
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array_multisort($array_lowercase, SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING, $array);
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print_r($array);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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Array
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(
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[0] => Alpha
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[1] => atomic
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[2] => bank
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[3] => Beta
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)
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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【译者注】本函数相当有用，为有助于理解，请再看下面这个例子：
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>名次排列</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$grade = array("score" => array(70, 95, 70.0, 60, "70"),
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"name" => array("Zhang San", "Li Si", "Wang Wu",
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"Zhao Liu", "Liu Qi"));
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array_multisort($grade["score"], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC,
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// 将分数作为数值，由高到低排序
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$grade["name"], SORT_STRING, SORT_ASC);
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// 将名字作为字符串，由小到大排序
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var_dump($grade);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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array(2) {
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["score"]=>
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array(5) {
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[0]=>
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int(95)
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[1]=>
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string(2) "70"
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[2]=>
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float(70)
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[3]=>
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int(70)
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[4]=>
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int(60)
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}
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["name"]=>
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array(5) {
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[0]=>
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string(5) "Li Si"
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[1]=>
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string(6) "Liu Qi"
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[2]=>
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string(7) "Wang Wu"
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[3]=>
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string(9) "Zhang San"
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[4]=>
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string(8) "Zhao Liu"
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}
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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<para>
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本例中对包含成绩的数组 <varname>$grade</varname>
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按照分数（score）由高到低进行排序，分数相同的人则按照名字（name）由小到大排序。排序后李四
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95 分为第一名，赵六 60 分为第五名没有异议。张三、王五和刘七都是
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70 分，他们的名次则由其姓名的字母顺序排列，Liu 在前，Wang 在后而
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Zhang 在最后。为了区别，三个 70
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分分别用了整数，浮点数和字符串来表示，可以在程序输出中清楚地看到它们排序的结果。
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</para>
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</example>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="parameters">
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&reftitle.parameters;
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>arr</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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An <type>array</type> being sorted.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>arg</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Optionally another <type>array</type>, or sort options for the
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previous <type>array</type> argument:
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<constant>SORT_ASC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_DESC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_NUMERIC</constant>,
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<constant>SORT_STRING</constant>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>...</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Additional <parameter>arg</parameter>'s.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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||
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<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
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||
&reftitle.returnvalues;
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<para>
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&return.success;
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</para>
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||
</refsect1>
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||
<refsect1 role="examples">
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||
&reftitle.examples;
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<para>
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<example>
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||
<title>Sorting multiple arrays</title>
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||
<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$ar1 = array(10, 100, 100, 0);
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$ar2 = array(1, 3, 2, 4);
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array_multisort($ar1, $ar2);
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var_dump($ar1);
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var_dump($ar2);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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In this example, after sorting, the first array will contain 0,
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10, 100, 100. The second array will contain 4, 1, 2, 3. The
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entries in the second array corresponding to the identical
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entries in the first array (100 and 100) were sorted as well.
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||
</para>
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||
<screen>
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||
<![CDATA[
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||
array(4) {
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||
[0]=> int(0)
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||
[1]=> int(10)
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||
[2]=> int(100)
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||
[3]=> int(100)
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||
}
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||
array(4) {
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||
[0]=> int(4)
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[1]=> int(1)
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[2]=> int(2)
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||
[3]=> int(3)
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||
}
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||
]]>
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||
</screen>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Sorting multi-dimensional array</title>
|
||
<programlisting role="php">
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
<?php
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||
$ar = array(
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array("10", 11, 100, 100, "a"),
|
||
array( 1, 2, "2", 3, 1)
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);
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array_multisort($ar[0], SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING,
|
||
$ar[1], SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
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var_dump($ar);
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||
?>
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||
]]>
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||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
In this example, after sorting, the first array will transform to
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"10", 100, 100, 11, "a" (it was sorted as strings in ascending
|
||
order). The second will contain 1, 3, "2", 2, 1 (sorted as numbers,
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in descending order).
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||
</para>
|
||
<screen>
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
array(2) {
|
||
[0]=> array(5) {
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||
[0]=> string(2) "10"
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||
[1]=> int(100)
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||
[2]=> int(100)
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||
[3]=> int(11)
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[4]=> string(1) "a"
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||
}
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[1]=> array(5) {
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[0]=> int(1)
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[1]=> int(3)
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[2]=> string(1) "2"
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||
[3]=> int(2)
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[4]=> int(1)
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}
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}
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]]>
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||
</screen>
|
||
</example>
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</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Sorting database results</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
For this example, each element in the <varname>data</varname>
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||
array represents one row in a table. This type of dataset is typical
|
||
of database records.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Example data:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<screen>
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
volume | edition
|
||
-------+--------
|
||
67 | 2
|
||
86 | 1
|
||
85 | 6
|
||
98 | 2
|
||
86 | 6
|
||
67 | 7
|
||
]]>
|
||
</screen>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The data as an array, called <varname>data</varname>. This would usually,
|
||
for example, be obtained by looping with <function>mysql_fetch_assoc</function>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting role="php">
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
<?php
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 2);
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 1);
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 85, 'edition' => 6);
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 98, 'edition' => 2);
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 86, 'edition' => 6);
|
||
$data[] = array('volume' => 67, 'edition' => 7);
|
||
?>
|
||
]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
In this example, we will order by <varname>volume</varname> descending,
|
||
<varname>edition</varname> ascending.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
We have an array of rows, but <function>array_multisort</function>
|
||
requires an array of columns, so we use the below code to obtain the
|
||
columns, then perform the sorting.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting role="php">
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
<?php
|
||
// Obtain a list of columns
|
||
foreach ($data as $key => $row) {
|
||
$volume[$key] = $row['volume'];
|
||
$edition[$key] = $row['edition'];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Sort the data with volume descending, edition ascending
|
||
// Add $data as the last parameter, to sort by the common key
|
||
array_multisort($volume, SORT_DESC, $edition, SORT_ASC, $data);
|
||
?>
|
||
]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The dataset is now sorted, and will look like this:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<screen>
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
volume | edition
|
||
-------+--------
|
||
98 | 2
|
||
86 | 1
|
||
86 | 6
|
||
85 | 6
|
||
67 | 2
|
||
67 | 7
|
||
]]>
|
||
</screen>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Case insensitive sorting</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Both <constant>SORT_STRING</constant> and
|
||
<constant>SORT_REGULAR</constant> are case sensitive, strings
|
||
starting with a capital letter will come before strings starting
|
||
with a lowercase letter.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
To perform a case insensitive search, force the sorting order to be
|
||
determined by a lowercase copy of the original array.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting role="php">
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
<?php
|
||
$array = array('Alpha', 'atomic', 'Beta', 'bank');
|
||
$array_lowercase = array_map('strtolower', $array);
|
||
|
||
array_multisort($array_lowercase, SORT_ASC, SORT_STRING, $array);
|
||
|
||
print_r($array);
|
||
?>
|
||
]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
&example.outputs;
|
||
<screen>
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => Alpha
|
||
[1] => atomic
|
||
[2] => bank
|
||
[3] => Beta
|
||
)
|
||
]]>
|
||
</screen>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1 role="seealso">
|
||
&reftitle.seealso;
|
||
<para>
|
||
<simplelist>
|
||
<member><function>usort</function></member>
|
||
<member>&seealso.array.sorting;</member>
|
||
</simplelist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
</refentry>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
||
Local variables:
|
||
mode: sgml
|
||
sgml-omittag:t
|
||
sgml-shorttag:t
|
||
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
||
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
||
sgml-indent-step:1
|
||
sgml-indent-data:t
|
||
indent-tabs-mode:nil
|
||
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
||
sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
|
||
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
||
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
||
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
||
End:
|
||
vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
|
||
vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
|
||
vi: ts=1 sw=1
|
||
-->
|