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archived-doc-zh/reference/array/functions/array-walk.xml
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Dallas Wang 2506fe073c Updated.
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2005-09-08 14:11:53 +00:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
<!-- $Author: dallas $ -->
<!-- EN-Revision: 1.25 Maintainer: dallas Status: ready -->
<refentry id="function.array-walk">
<refnamediv>
<refname>array_walk</refname>
<refpurpose>对数组中的每个成员应用用户函数</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>说明</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>bool</type><methodname>array_walk</methodname>
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter role="reference">array</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>callback</type><parameter>funcname</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>userdata</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<simpara>
&return.success;
</simpara>
<simpara>
将用户自定义函数 <parameter>funcname</parameter> 应用到
<parameter>array</parameter> 数组中的每个单元。典型情况下
<parameter>funcname</parameter> 接受两个参数。<parameter>array</parameter>
参数的值作为第一个,键名作为第二个。如果提供了可选参数
<parameter>userdata</parameter>,将被作为第三个参数传递给
callback <parameter>funcname</parameter>
</simpara>
<simpara>
如果 <parameter>funcname</parameter> 函数需要的参数比给出的多,则每次
<function>array_walk</function> 调用 <parameter>funcname</parameter>
时都会产生一个 <link linkend="errorfunc.constants">E_WARNING</link>
级的错误。这些警告可以通过在 <function>array_walk</function> 调用前加上
PHP 的错误操作符 <link linkend="language.operators.errorcontrol">@</link>
来抑制,或者用 <function>error_reporting</function>
</simpara>
<note>
<para>
如果 <parameter>funcname</parameter> 需要直接作用于数组中的值,则给
<parameter>funcname</parameter> 的第一个参数指定为<link
linkend="language.references">引用</link>。这样任何对这些单元的改变也将会改变原始数组本身。
</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>
将键名和 userdata 传递到 <parameter>funcname</parameter> 中是 PHP 4.0 新增加的。
</para>
</note>
<para>
<function>array_walk</function> 不会受到 <parameter>array</parameter>
内部数组指针的影响。<function>array_walk</function>
会遍历整个数组而不管指针的位置。
</para>
<para>
用户不应在回调函数中改变该数组本身。例如增加/删除单元,unset
单元等等。如果 <function>array_walk</function>
作用的数组改变了,则此函数的的行为未经定义,且不可预期。
</para>
<para>
<example>
<title><function>array_walk</function> 例子</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$fruits = array("d" => "lemon", "a" => "orange", "b" => "banana", "c" => "apple");
function test_alter(&$item1, $key, $prefix)
{
$item1 = "$prefix: $item1";
}
function test_print($item2, $key)
{
echo "$key. $item2<br />\n";
}
echo "Before ...:\n";
array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');
array_walk($fruits, 'test_alter', 'fruit');
echo "... and after:\n";
array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
&example.outputs;
<screen role="php">
<![CDATA[
Before ...:
d. lemon
a. orange
b. banana
c. apple
... and after:
d. fruit: lemon
a. fruit: orange
b. fruit: banana
c. fruit: apple
]]>
</screen>
</example>
</para>
<simpara>
参见 <function>array_walk_recursive</function><function>create_function</function><function>list</function><link
linkend="control-structures.foreach">foreach</link><function>each</function><function>call_user_func_array</function><function>array_map</function>
&seealso.callback;
</simpara>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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