mirror of
https://github.com/php/doc-zh.git
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219 lines
4.4 KiB
XML
219 lines
4.4 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: d6f54016d62904cfd8200604aadd5e3f0d9bad97 Maintainer: daijie Status: ready -->
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<!-- CREDITS: mowangjuanzi -->
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<sect1 xml:id="language.oop5.anonymous" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<title>匿名类</title>
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<para>
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匿名类很有用,可以创建一次性的简单对象。
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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// 使用显性类
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class Logger
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{
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public function log($msg)
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{
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echo $msg;
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}
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}
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$util->setLogger(new Logger());
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// 使用匿名类
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$util->setLogger(new class {
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public function log($msg)
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{
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echo $msg;
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}
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});
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<para>
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可以传递参数到匿名类的构造器,也可以继承其他类、实现接口(implement interface),以及像其他普通的类一样使用 trait:
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class SomeClass {}
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interface SomeInterface {}
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trait SomeTrait {}
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var_dump(new class(10) extends SomeClass implements SomeInterface {
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private $num;
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public function __construct($num)
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{
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$this->num = $num;
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}
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use SomeTrait;
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});
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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object(class@anonymous)#1 (1) {
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["Command line code0x104c5b612":"class@anonymous":private]=>
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int(10)
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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<para>
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匿名类被嵌套进普通 Class 后,不能访问这个外部类(Outer class)的 private(私有)、protected(受保护)方法或者属性。
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为了访问外部类(Outer class)protected 属性或方法,匿名类可以 extend(扩展)此外部类。
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为了使用外部类(Outer class)的 private 属性,必须通过构造器传进来:
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class Outer
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{
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private $prop = 1;
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protected $prop2 = 2;
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protected function func1()
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{
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return 3;
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}
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public function func2()
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{
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return new class($this->prop) extends Outer {
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private $prop3;
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public function __construct($prop)
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{
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$this->prop3 = $prop;
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}
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public function func3()
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{
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return $this->prop2 + $this->prop3 + $this->func1();
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}
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};
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}
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}
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echo (new Outer)->func2()->func3();
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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6
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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<para>
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声明的同一个匿名类,所创建的对象都是这个类的实例。
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function anonymous_class()
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{
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return new class {};
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}
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if (get_class(anonymous_class()) === get_class(anonymous_class())) {
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echo 'same class';
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} else {
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echo 'different class';
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}]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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same class
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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<note>
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<para>
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注意,匿名类的名称是通过引擎赋予的,如下例所示。
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由于实现的细节,不应该去依赖这个类名。
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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echo get_class(new class {});
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs.similar;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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class@anonymous/in/oNi1A0x7f8636ad2021
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</note>
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<sect2 xml:id="language.oop5.anonymous.readonly">
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<title>只读匿名类</title>
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<simpara>
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自 PHP 8.3.0 起,<literal>readonly</literal> 修饰符可应用于匿名类。
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</simpara>
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<example xml:id="language.oop5.anonymous.readonly.example">
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<title>定义 readonly 匿名类</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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// 使用匿名类
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var_dump(new readonly class('[DEBUG]') {
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public function __construct(private string $prefix)
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{
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}
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public function log($msg)
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{
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echo $this->prefix . ' ' . $msg;
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}
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});
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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