mirror of
https://github.com/php/doc-ja.git
synced 2026-03-24 15:12:22 +01:00
326 lines
7.0 KiB
XML
326 lines
7.0 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
|
<!-- $Revision$ -->
|
|
<!-- EN-Revision: 2e60c5134e7a847c99f81eb3f7ecee1f5efeeace Maintainer: takagi Status: ready -->
|
|
<!-- CREDITS: hirokawa,shimooka -->
|
|
<refentry xml:id="function.usort" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>usort</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>ユーザー定義の比較関数を使用して、配列を値でソートする</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
<refsect1 role="description">
|
|
&reftitle.description;
|
|
<methodsynopsis>
|
|
<type>true</type><methodname>usort</methodname>
|
|
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter role="reference">array</parameter></methodparam>
|
|
<methodparam><type>callable</type><parameter>callback</parameter></methodparam>
|
|
</methodsynopsis>
|
|
<para>
|
|
順序を決めるユーザー定義の比較関数により、
|
|
<parameter>array</parameter> をその値でソートします。
|
|
</para>
|
|
¬e.sort-unstable;
|
|
¬e.no-key-association;
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 role="parameters">
|
|
&reftitle.parameters;
|
|
<para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><parameter>array</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
入力の配列。
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><parameter>callback</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
&sort.callback.description;
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
|
|
&reftitle.returnvalues;
|
|
<para>
|
|
&return.true.always;
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 role="changelog">
|
|
&reftitle.changelog;
|
|
<informaltable>
|
|
<tgroup cols="2">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>&Version;</entry>
|
|
<entry>&Description;</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
&return.type.true;
|
|
&array.changelog.by-ref;
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 role="examples">
|
|
&reftitle.examples;
|
|
<para>
|
|
<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.basic">
|
|
<title><function>usort</function> の例</title>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
function cmp($a, $b)
|
|
{
|
|
if ($a == $b) {
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
return ($a < $b) ? -1 : 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
|
|
|
|
usort($a, "cmp");
|
|
|
|
foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
|
|
echo "$key: $value\n";
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
&example.outputs;
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
0: 1
|
|
1: 2
|
|
2: 3
|
|
3: 5
|
|
4: 6
|
|
]]>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
内部的な比較をさらにシンプルにするために、
|
|
宇宙船演算子を使うこともできます。
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
function cmp($a, $b)
|
|
{
|
|
return $a <=> $b;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
|
|
|
|
usort($a, "cmp");
|
|
|
|
foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
|
|
echo "$key: $value\n";
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
もちろん、このような簡単な例では <function>sort</function>
|
|
関数の方がより適当です。
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.multi">
|
|
<title>多次元配列を使用する <function>usort</function> の例</title>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
function cmp($a, $b)
|
|
{
|
|
return strcmp($a["fruit"], $b["fruit"]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$fruits[0]["fruit"] = "lemons";
|
|
$fruits[1]["fruit"] = "apples";
|
|
$fruits[2]["fruit"] = "grapes";
|
|
|
|
usort($fruits, "cmp");
|
|
|
|
foreach ($fruits as $key => $value) {
|
|
echo "\$fruits[$key]: " . $value["fruit"] . "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
&example.outputs;
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
$fruits[0]: apples
|
|
$fruits[1]: grapes
|
|
$fruits[2]: lemons
|
|
]]>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
多次元配列をソートする際には、<varname>$a</varname> と <varname>$b</varname>
|
|
は配列の最初のインデックスへの参照を保持しています。
|
|
</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.object">
|
|
<title>
|
|
<function>usort</function> でオブジェクトのメンバ関数を使用する例
|
|
</title>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
class TestObj {
|
|
public string $name;
|
|
|
|
function __construct($name)
|
|
{
|
|
$this->name = $name;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* これは、比較用のstaticメソッドです */
|
|
static function cmp_obj($a, $b)
|
|
{
|
|
return strtolower($a->name) <=> strtolower($b->name);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$a[] = new TestObj("c");
|
|
$a[] = new TestObj("b");
|
|
$a[] = new TestObj("d");
|
|
|
|
usort($a, [TestObj::class, "cmp_obj"]);
|
|
|
|
foreach ($a as $item) {
|
|
echo $item->name . "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
&example.outputs;
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
b
|
|
c
|
|
d
|
|
]]>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.closure">
|
|
<title>
|
|
<function>usort</function> で <link linkend="functions.anonymous">クロージャ</link>
|
|
を使って多次元配列をソートする例
|
|
</title>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
$array[0] = array('key_a' => 'z', 'key_b' => 'c');
|
|
$array[1] = array('key_a' => 'x', 'key_b' => 'b');
|
|
$array[2] = array('key_a' => 'y', 'key_b' => 'a');
|
|
|
|
function build_sorter($key) {
|
|
return function ($a, $b) use ($key) {
|
|
return strnatcmp($a[$key], $b[$key]);
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
usort($array, build_sorter('key_b'));
|
|
|
|
foreach ($array as $item) {
|
|
echo $item['key_a'] . ', ' . $item['key_b'] . "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
&example.outputs;
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
y, a
|
|
x, b
|
|
z, c
|
|
]]>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.multiple-axes">
|
|
<title>
|
|
<function>usort</function> と宇宙船演算子
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
宇宙船演算子は、
|
|
複数の軸をまたがった複合的な値を明快に比較する用途に使えます。
|
|
以下の例は、<literal>$people</literal>
|
|
を last name で比較し、
|
|
それが一致するものについては first name で比較します。
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
$people[0] = ['first' => 'Adam', 'last' => 'West'];
|
|
$people[1] = ['first' => 'Alec', 'last' => 'Baldwin'];
|
|
$people[2] = ['first' => 'Adam', 'last' => 'Baldwin'];
|
|
|
|
function sorter(array $a, array $b) {
|
|
return [$a['last'], $a['first']] <=> [$b['last'], $b['first']];
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
usort($people, 'sorter');
|
|
|
|
foreach ($people as $person) {
|
|
print $person['last'] . ', ' . $person['first'] . PHP_EOL;
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
&example.outputs;
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
Baldwin, Adam
|
|
Baldwin, Alec
|
|
West, Adam
|
|
]]>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 role="seealso">
|
|
&reftitle.seealso;
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><function>uasort</function></member>
|
|
<member><function>uksort</function></member>
|
|
<member>&seealso.array.sorting;</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
sgml-indent-step:1
|
|
sgml-indent-data:t
|
|
indent-tabs-mode:nil
|
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
|
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
End:
|
|
vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
|
|
vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
|
|
vi: ts=1 sw=1
|
|
-->
|