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https://github.com/php/doc-fr.git
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328 lines
6.9 KiB
XML
328 lines
6.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- EN-Revision: 2226ad08fd93e3979efbba47c5ae3545eec97d25 Maintainer: yannick Status: ready -->
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<!-- Reviewed: no -->
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<refentry xml:id="function.usort" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>usort</refname>
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<refpurpose>Trie un tableau en utilisant une fonction de comparaison</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 role="description">
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&reftitle.description;
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<methodsynopsis>
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<type>true</type><methodname>usort</methodname>
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<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter role="reference">array</parameter></methodparam>
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<methodparam><type>callable</type><parameter>callback</parameter></methodparam>
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</methodsynopsis>
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<para>
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Trie <parameter>array</parameter> sur place suivant les valeurs
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en utilisant une fonction de comparaison définie par l'utilisateur.
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</para>
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¬e.sort-unstable;
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¬e.no-key-association;
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="parameters">
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&reftitle.parameters;
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>array</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Le tableau d'entrée.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>callback</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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&sort.callback.description;
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
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&reftitle.returnvalues;
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<para>
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&return.true.always;
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="changelog">
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&reftitle.changelog;
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>&Version;</entry>
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<entry>&Description;</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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&return.type.true;
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&array.changelog.by-ref;
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="examples">
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&reftitle.examples;
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<para>
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<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.basic">
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<title>Exemple avec <function>usort</function></title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function cmp($a, $b)
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{
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if ($a == $b) {
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return 0;
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}
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return ($a < $b) ? -1 : 1;
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}
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$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
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usort($a, "cmp");
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foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
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echo "$key: $value\n";
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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0: 1
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1: 2
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2: 3
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3: 5
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4: 6
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]]>
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</screen>
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<para>
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L'opérateur combiné peut être utilisé pour
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simplifier la comparaison interne.
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function cmp($a, $b)
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{
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return $a <=> $b;
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}
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$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
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usort($a, "cmp");
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foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
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echo "$key: $value\n";
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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Évidemment dans ce cas trivial, <function>sort</function> serait plus
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approprié.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.multi">
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<title>
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Tri avec <function>usort</function> sur un tableau multidimensionnel
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</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function cmp($a, $b)
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{
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return strcmp($a["fruit"], $b["fruit"]);
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}
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$fruits[0]["fruit"] = "lemons";
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$fruits[1]["fruit"] = "apples";
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$fruits[2]["fruit"] = "grapes";
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usort($fruits, "cmp");
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foreach ($fruits as $key => $value) {
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echo "\$fruits[$key]: " . $value["fruit"] . "\n";
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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Lors du tri de tableau multidimensionnel, <varname>$a</varname> et
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<varname>$b</varname> contiennent des références sur le premier
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élément du tableau.
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</para>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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$fruits[0]: apples
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$fruits[1]: grapes
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$fruits[2]: lemons
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.object">
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<title>
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Tri avec <function>usort</function> sur un objet
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</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class TestObj {
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private string $name;
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function __construct($name)
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{
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$this->name = $name;
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}
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/* Ceci est une fonction de comparaison statique */
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static function cmp_obj($a, $b)
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{
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return strtolower($a->name) <=> strtolower($b->name);
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}
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}
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$a[] = new TestObj("c");
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$a[] = new TestObj("b");
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$a[] = new TestObj("d");
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usort($a, [TestObj::class, "cmp_obj"]);
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foreach ($a as $item) {
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echo $item->name . "\n";
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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b
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c
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d
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.closure">
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<title>
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Exemple avec <function>usort</function> en utilisant
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une <link linkend="functions.anonymous">closure</link>
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pour trier un tableau multidimensionnel
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</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$array[0] = array('key_a' => 'z', 'key_b' => 'c');
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$array[1] = array('key_a' => 'x', 'key_b' => 'b');
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$array[2] = array('key_a' => 'y', 'key_b' => 'a');
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function build_sorter($key) {
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return function ($a, $b) use ($key) {
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return strnatcmp($a[$key], $b[$key]);
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};
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}
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usort($array, build_sorter('key_b'));
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foreach ($array as $item) {
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echo $item['key_a'] . ', ' . $item['key_b'] . "\n";
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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y, a
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x, b
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z, c
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="function.usort.examples.multiple-axes">
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<title>
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Exemple d'utilisation de l'opérateur combiné avec <function>usort</function>.
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</title>
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<para>
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L'opérateur combiné permet une comparaison directe de valeurs composées sur
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plusieurs axes.
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Dans l'exemple suivant, <literal>$people</literal> est trié par nom de famille,
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puis par prénom si le nom de famille correspond.
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$people[0] = ['first' => 'Adam', 'last' => 'West'];
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$people[1] = ['first' => 'Alec', 'last' => 'Baldwin'];
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$people[2] = ['first' => 'Adam', 'last' => 'Baldwin'];
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function sorter(array $a, array $b) {
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return [$a['last'], $a['first']] <=> [$b['last'], $b['first']];
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}
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usort($people, 'sorter');
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foreach ($people as $person) {
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print $person['last'] . ', ' . $person['first'] . PHP_EOL;
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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Baldwin, Adam
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Baldwin, Alec
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West, Adam
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 role="seealso">
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&reftitle.seealso;
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<simplelist>
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<member><function>uasort</function></member>
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<member><function>uksort</function></member>
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<member>&seealso.array.sorting;</member>
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</simplelist>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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