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428 lines
11 KiB
XML
428 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<!-- EN-Revision: b47e4bea197126359815c5e43403c4b77a0aaaa7 Maintainer: PhilDaiguille Status: ready -->
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<!-- Reviewed: yes -->
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<chapter xml:id="xml.examples" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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&reftitle.examples;
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<section xml:id="example.xml-structure">
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<title>Ejemplo de estructura XML</title>
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<para>
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Este primer ejemplo muestra la estructura del elemento
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de inicio en un documento con indentación.
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<example>
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<title>Mostrar una estructura XML</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$file = "examples/book.xml";
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$depth = 0;
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function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs)
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{
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global $depth;
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global $depth;
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for ($i = 0; $i < $depth; $i++) {
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echo " ";
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}
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echo "$name\n";
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$depth++;
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}
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function endElement($parser, $name)
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{
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global $depth;
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$depth--;
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}
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$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
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xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
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if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
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die("could not open XML input");
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}
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while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
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if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
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die(sprintf("Error XML: %s en la línea %d",
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xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
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xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
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}
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="example.xml-map-tags">
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<title>Conversión XML -> HTML</title>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Conversión XML -> HTML</title>
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<para>
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Este ejemplo reemplaza las etiquetas XML de un documento por etiquetas
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HTML. Los elementos desconocidos serán ignorados.
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Por supuesto, este ejemplo se aplicará a un tipo
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específico de archivos XML.
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</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$file = "examples/book.xml";
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$map_array = array(
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"BOLD" => "B",
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"EMPHASIS" => "I",
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"LITERAL" => "TT"
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);
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function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs)
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{
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global $map_array;
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if (isset($map_array[$name])) {
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echo "<$map_array[$name]>";
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}
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}
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function endElement($parser, $name)
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{
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global $map_array;
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if (isset($map_array[$name])) {
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echo "</$map_array[$name]>";
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}
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}
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function characterData($parser, $data)
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{
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echo $data;
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}
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$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
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// Utilizamos el manejo de mayúsculas y minúsculas, para asegurarnos de encontrar la etiqueta en $map_array
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xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
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xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
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xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
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if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
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die("could not open XML input");
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}
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while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
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if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
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die(sprintf("Error XML: %s en la línea %d",
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xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
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xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
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}
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="example.xml-external-entity">
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<title>Entidad externa</title>
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<para>
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Este ejemplo utiliza las referencias externas de XML:
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es posible usar un manejador de entidad externa
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para incluir y analizar documentos, así como las instrucciones
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ejecutables pueden servir para incluir y analizar
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otros documentos, y también proporcionar una indicación de confianza
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(ver más abajo).
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</para>
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<para>
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El documento XML que se utiliza en este ejemplo se proporciona más
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adelante en el ejemplo (<filename>xmltest.xml</filename> y
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<filename>xmltest2.xml</filename>).
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Entidad externa</title>
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<programlisting role="php" annotations="non-interactive">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$file = "xmltest.xml";
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function trustedFile($file)
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{
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// solo confíe en archivos locales de los que sea propietario
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if (!preg_match("@^([a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*)\:\/\/@i", $file)
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&& fileowner($file) == getmyuid()) {
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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function startElement($parser, $name, $attribs)
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{
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echo "<<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>";
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if (count($attribs)) {
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foreach ($attribs as $k => $v) {
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echo " <font color=\"#009900\">$k</font>=\"<font
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color=\"#990000\">$v</font>\"";
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}
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}
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echo ">";
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}
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function endElement($parser, $name)
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{
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echo "</<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>>";
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}
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function characterData($parser, $data)
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{
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echo "<b>$data</b>";
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}
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function PIHandler($parser, $target, $data)
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{
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switch (strtolower($target)) {
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case "php":
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global $parser_file;
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// si el documento analizado es de confianza, se declara que es seguro
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// ejecutar el código PHP que contiene. Si no es así, el código se muestra
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// en su lugar.
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if (trustedFile($parser_file[$parser])) {
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eval($data);
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} else {
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printf("Código PHP no confiable: <i>%s</i>",
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htmlspecialchars($data));
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}
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break;
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}
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}
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function defaultHandler($parser, $data)
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{
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if (substr($data, 0, 1) == "&" && substr($data, -1, 1) == ";") {
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printf('<font color="#aa00aa">%s</font>',
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htmlspecialchars($data));
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} else {
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printf('<font size="-1">%s</font>',
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htmlspecialchars($data));
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}
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}
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function externalEntityRefHandler($parser, $openEntityNames, $base, $systemId,
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$publicId) {
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if ($systemId) {
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if (!list($parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($systemId)) {
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printf("No se pudo abrir la entidad %s en %s\n", $openEntityNames,
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$systemId);
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return false;
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}
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while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
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if (!xml_parse($parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
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printf("Error XML: %s en la línea %d mientras se analiza la entidad %s\n",
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xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
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xml_get_current_line_number($parser), $openEntityNames);
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return false;
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}
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}
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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function new_xml_parser($file)
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{
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global $parser_file;
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$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
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xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 1);
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xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
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xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
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xml_set_processing_instruction_handler($xml_parser, "PIHandler");
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xml_set_default_handler($xml_parser, "defaultHandler");
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xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler($xml_parser, "externalEntityRefHandler");
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if (!($fp = @fopen($file, "r"))) {
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return false;
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}
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if (!is_array($parser_file)) {
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settype($parser_file, "array");
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}
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$parser_file[$xml_parser] = $file;
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return array($xml_parser, $fp);
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}
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if (!(list($xml_parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($file))) {
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die("could not open XML input");
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}
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echo "<pre>";
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while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
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if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
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die(sprintf("Error XML: %s en la línea %d\n",
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xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
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xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
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}
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}
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echo "</pre>";
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echo "análisis completo\n";
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>xmltest.xml</title>
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<programlisting role="xml">
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<![CDATA[
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<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "/just/a/test.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY plainEntity "FOO entity">
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<!ENTITY systemEntity SYSTEM "xmltest2.xml">
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]>
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<chapter>
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<TITLE>Title &plainEntity;</TITLE>
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<para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<tbody>
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<row><entry>a1</entry><entry morerows="1">b1</entry><entry>c1</entry></row>
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<row><entry>a2</entry><entry>c2</entry></row>
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<row><entry>a3</entry><entry>b3</entry><entry>c3</entry></row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</para>
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&systemEntity;
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<section id="about">
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<title>About this Document</title>
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<para>
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<!-- this is a comment -->
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<?php echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' . phpversion(); ?>
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</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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Este archivo se incluye desde <filename>xmltest.xml</filename>:
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<example>
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<title>xmltest2.xml</title>
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<programlisting role="xml">
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<![CDATA[
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE foo [
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<!ENTITY testEnt "test entity">
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]>
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<foo>
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<element attrib="value"/>
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&testEnt;
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<?php echo "Esto es código PHP que se ejecuta."; ?>
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</foo>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="example.xml-parsing-with-class">
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<title>Análisis XML con una clase</title>
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<para>
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Este ejemplo muestra cómo utilizar una clase con manejadores.
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<example>
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<title>Mostrar la estructura de los elementos XML</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$file = "examples/book.xml";
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class CustomXMLParser
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{
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private $fp;
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private $parser;
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private $depth = 0;
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function __construct(string $file)
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{
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if (!($this->fp = fopen($file, 'r'))) {
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throw new RunTimeException("imposible abrir el archivo XML '{$file}'");
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}
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$this->parser = xml_parser_create();
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xml_set_element_handler($this->parser, self::startElement(...), self::endElement(...));
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xml_set_character_data_handler($this->parser, self::cdata(...));
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}
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private function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs)
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{
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for ($i = 0; $i < $this->depth; $i++) {
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echo " ";
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}
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echo "$name\n";
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$this->depth++;
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}
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private function endElement($parser, $name)
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{
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$this->depth--;
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}
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private function cdata($parser, $cdata)
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{
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if (trim($cdata) === '') {
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return;
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}
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for ($i = 0; $i < $this->depth; $i++) {
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echo " ";
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}
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echo trim($cdata), "\n";
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}
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public function parse()
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{
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while ($data = fread($this->fp, 4096)) {
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if (!xml_parse($this->parser, $data, feof($this->fp))) {
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throw new RunTimeException(
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sprintf(
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"Error XML: %s en la línea %d",
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xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($this->parser)),
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xml_get_current_line_number($this->parser)
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)
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);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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$xmlParser = new CustomXMLParser($file);
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$xmlParser->parse();
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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