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73 lines
1.9 KiB
XML
73 lines
1.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<sect1 xml:id="language.operators.execution">
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<title>Execution Operators</title>
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<titleabbrev>Execution</titleabbrev>
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<para>
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PHP supports one execution operator: backticks (<literal>``</literal>). Note that
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these are not single-quotes! PHP will attempt to execute the
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contents of the backticks as a shell command; the output will be
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returned (i.e., it won't simply be dumped to output; it can be
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assigned to a variable). Use of the backtick operator is identical
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to <function>shell_exec</function>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Backtick Operator</title>
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<programlisting role="php" annotations="non-interactive">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$output = `ls -al`;
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echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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The backtick operator is disabled when
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<function>shell_exec</function> is disabled.
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</para>
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</note>
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<note>
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<para>
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Unlike some other languages, backticks have no special meaning
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within double-quoted strings.
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</para>
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</note>
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<sect2 role="changelog">
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&reftitle.changelog;
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>&Version;</entry>
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<entry>&Description;</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>8.5.0</entry>
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<entry>
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The backtick operator as an alias for <function>shell_exec</function> has been deprecated.
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="seealso">
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&reftitle.seealso;
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<para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><link linkend="ref.exec">Program Execution functions</link></member>
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<member><function>popen</function></member>
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<member><function>proc_open</function></member>
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<member><link linkend="features.commandline">Using PHP from the commandline</link></member>
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</simplelist>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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